Abstract:To reveal the resources status of medicinal seed plants in Mao County, the floristic characters of medicinal seed plants in Mao County was studied based on the data of the 3rd and 4th Chinese materia medica resource survey. The results showed that there were 1 342 species of medicinal seed plants in Mao County, belonging to 582 genera and 130 families. Among them, there were 7 families, 14 genera, 18 species in gymnosperms, 123 families, 568 genera, 1 324 species in angiosperms, and national key protected wild plants had 18 families, 37 genera, and 57 species. Fifteen large families (containing more than 20 species) were dominant, accounting for 48.45% and 56.56% of the total genera and species, respectively, while small genus (including 2-4 species) had 507 genera and 783 species, accounting for 87.11% and 58.35% of the total genera and species, respectively. In terms of areal types, the tropical component was dominant at family level (56.52%), while the north temperate component was dominant (68.11%) at the genus level. Compared with neighboring areas, the flora of medicinal seed plants in Mao County showed more distinct temperate than that in Jiange County and Yanbian County, while the tropical component of Mao County was more active than that in source area of Lancang River and Cuona County, revealing that latitude and altitude might be the key factors in determining the floristic character of medicinal seed plants in Mao County. Therefore, the flora of Mao County medicinal seed plants not only had a high species diversity, but also had a certain degree of complexity of floristic geographical components, which was mainly reflected in the dominant temperate zone nature and also showed a relatively obvious transitional nature. MAO County could be regarded as one of the key areas for studying the north-south plant communication in Hengduan Mountain region. It was worth paying more attention to the diversity protection and exploitation of medicinal seed plants.