In order to understand the spatial genetic structure of Aquilaria sinensis in Wuguishan, Zhongshan City, Guangdong Province, the genotypes of 143 individuals of A. sinensis with DBH (diameter at breast height) more than 5 cm were determined by using 18 microsatellite loci. The results showed that the observed heterozygosity and expected heterozygosity of A. sinensis population were all 0.534, and inbreeding coefficient was 0.000 1, which indicated that the genetic diversity of A. sinensis in Wuguishan was not low, and the whole population was under random mating situation. The genetic landscape shapes, spatial principal components analysis (sPCA) and spatial autocorrelation analysis showed A. sinensis in Wuguishan lack spatial genetic structure. The individuals with different genetic backgrounds mixed, so that the neighbors had high genetic differences. So, it was suggested that the self thinning and artificial planting of A. sinensis could be the two possible reasons.