Abstract:Oligostachyum heterophyllum M. M. Lin, a new species from western Fujian, China is described and illustrated. It is similar or related to O. scabriflorum (McClure) Z. P. Wang et G. H. Ye on morphological characters, but differs in its thin culm with less than 1.5 cm in diam., culm sheaths initially palely purple-green, setose, bases of setae forming persistent papillae and has no spots abaxially, no white powdery and scorched edge, base with densely fine setae; ligule pale stramineous; blade erect, base unshrinked; leaf sheaths puberulous.