Abstract:In order to evaluate resource statuts of Camellia mairei var. lapidea endemic in Guizhou, the age structure and spatial distribution pattern of the population were studied by quadrat method. The results showed that the age structure of C. mairei var. lapidea population was decline type. The population density was in the order of middle-age trees > old trees > young trees. Spatial distribution pattern of C. mairei var. lapidea population was different in different development stages, which young trees and middle-aged trees had cluster distribution, and old trees were nearly cluster distribution to random distribution. The spatial pattern at different development stages had negative or no relation. C. mairei var. lapidea is rare and endangered species because of propagation biological characteristics and population habitat heterogeneity. So, it was effective measure to protect C. mairei var. lapidea germplasm resources by setting up in situ reserves and increasing populations by carrying out introduction and cultivation.