Abstract:Nanjishan Nature Reserve is a typical inland island wetland, which lies in southern Poyang Lake. In order to understand the status of invasive alien plants in the region, the number of species, distribution and spread in Nanjishan Nature Reserve were surveyed from 2010 to 2014. The results showed that there were 32 exotic invasive species, belonging to 28 genera and 18 families in the area. Compositae and Amaranthaceae are the dominant families with 8 and 4 species, respectively. The exotic plants are mainly originated from South America and Centre America (34.88%), North America (20.93%) and Europe (20.93%). Based on occurrence frequency, invasion area and dispersal status, five species, such as Avena fatua, Conyza canadensis, Daucus carota, Soliva anthemifolia, Alternanthera philoxeroides, have caused serious harm. The number and the kinds of alien invasive plants that cause severe threat to local biodiversity in Nanjishan Nature Reserve had similar with those in adjacent areas. The influence and harmfulness of the invasive plants in Nanjishan Nature Reserve of Poyang Lake, as well as their invasive ways and prevention strategies are also discussed.