Abstract:Nine compounds were isolated from the ethanolic extract of roots of Atalantia buxifolia (Poir.) Oliv. by means of chromatographic technology. On the basis of spectral data, their structures were identified as buxifoliadine A (1), 1,3-dihy-droxy-2,4-diprenylacridone (2), 5-hydroxy-N-methylseverifoline (3), buxifoliadine B (4), N-methylatalaphylline (5), atalaphylline (6), atalafoline (7), aurapten (8), and coniferyl aldehyde (9). Compound 9 was isolated from the roots of A. buxifolia for the first time. Compounds 1 and 8 showed cytotoxic activities towards human hepatoma (SMMC-7721), and compound 3 showed significant inhibitory activity towards chronic myelogenous leukemia (K562).