Abstract:The geographical distribution of wild resources of Dracaena cambodiana in China was comprehensively investigated and its relationship with climatic factors was analyzed by climate indexes, such as Kira’s warmth index, Xu’s humidity index, et al. The results showed that D. cambodiana was endemic to southwestern mountains and southern coastal areas of Hainan Island in China, with horizontal distribution from 108°42'40.9" to 110°27'36.8"E, and 18°14'27" to 19°20'28.5"N, and vertical distribution at 0-900 m altitude, and only ten distribution locations were found. The D. cambodiana is a small tree species of tropical rainforest or monsoon forest with ecological habitats of drought tolerance and heliophytes and calcicole, and most of hydrothermal factors were the main limited factors to its geographical distribution. The principal component analysis showed that the dominant factors on the distribution of D. cambodiana were in order as thermal factors > precipitation factors > relative humidity factors. Based on the habitat characteristics of wild populations, it suggested that both moisture and light intensity have significant effects on seed germination and seedling survival of D. cambodiana.