Abstract:In order to select suitable Hevea accessions for extending genetic base of Chinese rubber tree in future breeding schemes, the genetic diversity of 14 wild accessions and 37 cultivated clones were detected by RAPD and ISSR. Thirty-one reliable primers (19 RAPD primers and 12 ISSR primers) were chosen. Based on RAPD, a total of 132 bands were generated, polymorphic bands accounted for 88.6%, and similarity coefficient ranged from 0.432 to 0.947 among all accessions. Otherwise based on ISSR, 101 bands were produced, polymorphic bands accounted for 87.1%, and similarity coefficient was 0.505 to 0.941. The wild accessions showed higher polymorphism than cultivated clones according to the average heterozygosity. Based on ISSR, the 51 accessions were divided into 2 clusters according to unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA) cluster analysis: Cluster Ⅰ contained 9 wild accessions and Cluster Ⅱ consisted of 37 cultivated clones and 5 wild accessions. But all of the accessions can not be divided into wild cluster and cultivated cluster according to RAPD.Some cultivated clones, i.e. PR107, Re yan 217, could be screened from 51 accessions. The significantly high correlation between RAPDs and ISSRs among 51 accessions was observed (r = 0.574), although the differences between the RAPD and ISSR dendrograms were observed. It is proven that all of the results can be used in Hevea breeding programs, and RAPD and ISSR can be used in clonal identification and diversity study of Hevea.