Abstract:The aim was to screen the superior germplasm resources of Hemerocallis citrina. The yield formation and quality of 20 H. citrina germplasms were evaluated by using correlation analysis, stepwise regression, path analysis and TOPSIS analysis. The results showed that variations in agronomic, yield and quality traits among different H. citrina germplasms were rich with coefficient of variation (CV) from 1.9% to 75.6%. The CV of bud chroma a* (redness) was the highest (75.6%), followed by total flavone content (67.9%) and bud weight (41.0%), and water content of bud was the lowest (1.9%). Bud weight, bud diameter and flower moss number were significantly correlated with yield with CV of 0.737, 0.583 and 0.517, respectively. The correlation among nutrient quality traits was weak, while the correlation between appearance color index and some nutritional quality was extremely significant. The results of stepwise regression and path analysis suggested that floral bud weight and scape number were the main determinant of yield formation across all investigated germplasms, with decision coefficients of 0.534 and 0.239, respectively. The combination weights of nutritional quality and color parameters, calculated by using the method of coefficient of variation-entropy weight, were 0.523 and 0.477, respectively, and the results could effectively distinguish the best quality rank of different germplasm resources with application of combined the TOPSIS analysis method. Two-dimensional scatter distribution diagrams, a visualized overall assessment result simultaneously considering yield and quality, could be derived for use in the high yield and bud quality quickly screening of H. citrina.

Abstract:In order to understand the effect of light on ash accumulation of Ardisia giantifolia, four light intensities (100%, 60%, 40% and 20% natural light intensity) and four light qualities (green, white, blue and red light) were set by using sunshade net and film, the response characteristics of height, basal diameter and biomass of A. giantifolia under different treatment conditions was analyzed, and the relationship between ash content and growth indexes was studied. The results showed that with the weakening of light intensity, the ash content of A. giantifolia decreased under green light with the decrease of light intensity, showing a “low-high-low-high” change trend under white light. Moreover, there was no significant change under blue light or red light. The ash content of A. giantifolia was the lowest under white light and 100% light intensity, showing significantly differences with that of the rest light intensity. At 60%, 40% and 20% natural light intensity, light quality had no significant effect on ash content of A. giantifolia. The ash content had no significant correlation with plant height, basal diameter and biomass of A. giantifolia. With the decrease of light intensity, the plant height, basal diameter and biomass of A. giantifolia increase, and reach maximum under white light. Therefore, it was suggested that light had effect on ash accumulation and growth index of A. giantifolia, and it was necessary to choose the forest type with proper shade intensity or canopy density when planting.

Abstract:The leaves of Oxalis triangularis ‘Purpurea’ have significant nocturnal movement, which is characterized by a circadian rhythm of opening and closing. The effects of light quality, duration, and vibration on nocturnal movement of Oxalis were investigated in a climate chamber with controlled light and a time-laps camera. The results showed that light wavelength was a critical factor for the nocturnal movement pattern of Oxalis. The longer the wavelength, the faster the leaf unfolds, the shorter the wavelength, the slower the leaf closure. Under continuous light for 3 days, the leaves did not close, except that the leaves opened and closed only at 18:00 under red light. When 12 h/12 h (light/dark) photoperiod lasted for 3 days, it took 45-61 min for the leaves to unfold in the morning and 85-120 min to close completely at night. The leaves had unfolded before 8:00 AM except white light. The leaves could still unfold for 3-5 h every day under continuous dark. Horizonal rotation could change the nocturnal movement pattern of Oxalis. When the leaves were rotated at 300 r/min for 0.5-6 h, it will not close completely during rotation, only close to about 60°. The longer the rotating time, the faster the rate of leaf closure after stopping rotation. When rotation stopped after 2 h, the leaves would not close, so there was a certain range of adaptability to external stress of Oxalis. Therefore, when applying O. triangularis ‘Purpurea’ in the garden, short-wavelength illumination could be used to extend the unfolding time of leaves, increase its ornamental effect, and avoid exposure to the sun at noon.

Abstract:To excavate and accurately utilize Arachis hypogaea resources in Fujian, five geographical indication varieties with different phenotype and seed coat color, including Laifang, Yakouxiaoliuqiu, Zhukouxiaozi, Wenhenghongyi and Yanghou, were collected. Their biological traits were described in details and the nutritional components, such as fatty acid, mineral element, vitamin E, and sterols were analyzed. The appearance characteristics and seed coat color of these peanut varieties were different. The main stem height or lateral branch length was negatively correlated with individual plant productivity. Contents of protein, fat, soluble sugar, dietary fiber, fatty acid, mineral elements and bioactive components in different peanut varieties were significantly different (P < 0.05). Among these, the contents of protein in Yakouxiaoliuqiu, fat, O/L value, vitamin E, and resveratrol in Zhukouxiaozi, Fe and phytosterol in Wenhenghongyi was the highest, respectively. These results indicated that all five special peanuts accord with the grade 1 standards for direct consumption and grade 3 peanuts for oil, and have obvious local characteristics such as high iron contents.

Abstract:To select new Actinidia varieties with good storage and flavor quality, the quality and storability of three wild varieties kvf54, kvf6 and Xinmei of A. deliciosa and three cultivated varieties Qinmei, Huamei and Xuxiang were compared and analyzed. The results showed that under room temperature and 1℃ storage, the hardness of kvf54 and Xuxiang decreased in a similar trend, which was better than other varieties, and kvf54 had the highest content of vitamin C (VC). However, under the same storage conditions, the soluble solids content of Xinmei accumulated the fastest, the starch and titratable acid contents were the least, showing poor storage performance. Therefore, compared with other varieties, kvf54 had better storability, higher contents of VC and sugar, so it was a high-quality variety that could be used to breed new storage-tolerant varieties.

Abstract:In order to select good provenance and family, the genetic characteristics in growth and wood properties associated with pulp wood of eight-year-old Eucalyptus pellita from different provenances in Guangxi Dongmen State Forest Farm were studied. The results showed that the average length and width of wood fiber was 590.9 and 28.9 μm, the fiber aspect ratio was 20.34 with kink index of 0.29, and the aspect ratio and kink index of sapwood fiber were larger than those of heartwood. There were very significant positive correlations between DBH and tree height, density with fiber length-width ratio and kink index, as well as kink index with length-width ratio of sapwood fiber, while kink index was very significant negative correlation with length-width ratio of heartwood fiber. So, according to principal component analysis (PCA), the provenances 4, 13, 10 were excellent, and 25 families were good, in which 146, 084 and 53-11 families were the top three.

Abstract:In order to evaluate the nutritional quality of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis), ten nutritional indexes in six varieties of cauliflower were determined, and the quality of cauliflower was compre- hensively evaluated by principal component analysis and cluster analysis. The results showed that there were differences in ten quality indexes among six varieties, the variation coefficient ranged from 12.22% to 131.21%. The correlation analysis showed that there were significant correlations among vitamin C (Vc), total flavonoids, total polyphenols, Fe, Ca, P and protein. Six cauliflower varieties were divided into four categories by cluster analysis, i.e., three yellow cauliflower varieties 209, 100 and 217 were each 1 class, and white cauliflower varieties 210, 214 and 218 were into one class. Three principal components for comprehensive evaluation were extracted by principal component analysis, and six nutritional evaluation indexes were obtained, such as contents of Vc, total flavonoids, total polyphenols, Fe, Ca and P. Cauliflower 209 had the highest nutritional quality by evaluation function model: F=0.5591Z1+0.2189Z2+0.1669Z3. So, these would provide a scientific basis for excavating and breeding excellent cauliflower varieties.

Abstract:In order to understand the heterosis of yield-related and quality characters in two-line hybrid progenies of Setaria italica, 18 hybrid combinations were designed with three male sterile lines (A1, A2, A3) and six herbicide resistant restorer lines (R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 and R6) by using incomplete diallel cross (NCⅡ), the eleven phenotypic characteristics of combining ability and the hereditability were analyzed, such as plant height, grain weight, protein content, and so on. The results showed that there were significant differences in quantitative traits among two parents and their combinations. Among all the traits, the plot yield of hybrid combination was significantly correlated with thousand-seed weight (TSW), ear weight (EW), plant height (PH), and ear length (EL), but not significantly related with quality traits, such as crude protein, crude fat and total starch. The general combining ability (GCA) effect values of different characters varied significantly in different parents. Meanwhile, A1 (male sterile line) and R1 (restorer line) had high positive effect values of GCA among most of yield and quality traits, which was potential parents for improving the high yield and quality of foxtail millet. However, it was noteworthy that the presentation of specific special combining ability (SCA) in combinations was not completely consistent with effect values of GCA in their parents. Among eighteen combinations, A1×R5, A1×R6, A2×R1, A2×R4 displayed high SCA effect, and showing excellent combinations. Furthermore, the broad-sense heritability and narrow-sense heritability of all quantitative traits were more than 65%, mainly co-controlled by additive effects and non-additive effects. PH, EW, and yield of S. italica hybrids had significant mid parent heterosis, and some combinations had strong super parent heterosis. In addition, the narrow-sense heritability value of PH, EL TSW, ear code, and crude fat content were higher than that of other traits, while the non-additive genetic effects of EW, stem node number and protein content were more prominent. Although the heterosis characteristics of yield and quality traits were different, they were determined by additive and dominance effect in the total genetic variation.

Abstract:In order to select excellent strains of Eucalyptus grandis, the growth traits, quality traits and crown width of 173 families from 11 provenances at 53-month-old grown in alpestrine of south Yunnan were analyzed. The results showed that there were significant differences in growth traits, quality traits and crown width among provenances and families. The phenotypic and genetic variation coefficients of DBH, H, V, stem form, branch and crown width were 26.90%~28.84%, 23.84%~25.28%, 62.34~67.55, 13.04%~25.62%, 13.04%~25.41% and 35.07~39.93, respectively. The provenance heritabilities were ranged from 0.94 to 0.96 and the family heritabilities were ranged from 0.88 to 0.95. The correlation analysis showed that there were significant positive correlations between DBH with H, V, stem form and crown width, also between H with other traits. The correlation coefficient between stem form and branch were 0.70, while that between crown width with stem form and branch were -0.03. The genetic gain of V was the biggest among all traits, and it was 66.11% by 5% selection rate. The change trend of genetic gain in H, DBH, stem form and branch were similar under different selection rate whereas the rank of their genetic gain was different. The 17 families were selected under 10% selection rate by comprehensive index selection, which derived from No. 1 (Copperlode, QLD), No. 4 (Koombooloomba, QLD), No. 6 (Copperlode Falls Dam, QLD), No. 7 (Bambaroo, QLD), No. 9 (Tianma, Dongxi, Fujian), and No. 11 (Leshan, Sichuan) provenances. The provenances of No. 2 (Ravenshoe, QLD) and No. 8 (Tully Gorge National Park, QLD) grow slowly. The best six families were No. 289, No. 283, No. 2, No. 42, No. 121 and No. 82, derived from six selected provenances, indicating that the selected families not only had good growth and branch traits but also had rich genetic diversity.

Abstract:In order to understand the effects of rhizosphere N supply on the growth and nutritional quality of purple pak-choi (Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis var. communis), the physiological and nutrition characters were studied treated with different levels of NH4NO3. The results showed that the fresh and dry weight, root activity, free amino acid content of purple pak-choi increased initially and then slightly decreased with the N level increment. Nitrate reductase (NR) activity, contents of chlorophyll, NO3- and soluble protein, and DPPH· radical scavenging rate increased, activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) isozymes showed upward trend, while the contents of relative anthocyanin, soluble sugar, vitamin C (Vc) and total phenols, and FRAP value decreased. Meantime, the fresh and dry weight of purple pak-choi treated with 75-300 mg L-1 NH4NO3 was low. The fresh and dry weight treated by 1200 mg L-1 NH4NO3 was lower than that by 600 mg L-1 NH4NO3, more NO3- accumulated in plant led to decline of nutrient quality, and NH4NO3 deposited in rhizosphere. So, the optimum level of NH4NO3 was 600 mg L-1 because of high fresh and dry weight, balanced nutrition and strong antioxidant ability.