Abstract:To understand the genetic diversity of inflorescence phenotypic characteristics of Canarium album (Loureiro) Raeuschel, the inflorescence characters of 90 germplasms of C. album were observed in Fuzhou Nursery of Chinese Olive Germplasm Resources of Agriculture Ministry. The results showed that the inflorescence characteristics, such as type, peduncle density, position and flower sex had abundant diversity. The variation coefficient of flower number was the largest, followed by the number of flower on peduncle, and that of flower bud diameter was the smallest. In addition, the male inflorescences had more diversities than female inflorescences. The flower bud diameter had significantly positive relation with petal length, and significantly negative relation with inflorescence length, peduncle number, flower number and flower number on peduncle. According to cluster analysis, the inflorescence type of C. album germplasms could be divided into 3 groups, there were distinct differences in most of male and female flower groups. Therefore, it was suggested that there were diversity and complexity in inflorescence phenotypic characteristics of C. album, and the important single trait would affect the overall phenotype.

Abstract:To understand the regulation function of peroxidase genes in kiwifruit, two members of POD gene family (AdPOD27 and AdPOD64) were cloned from Actinidia deliciosa ‘Miliang-1’ by using reverse transcription PCR, the bioinformations of AdPOD27 and AdPOD64 were analyzed, and the correlation between their expression and POD activity were also studied. The results showed that the length of open read frame of AdPOD27 and AdPOD64 was 984 and 957 bp, encoding 327 and 318 amino acids, respectively, which GenBank accession No.were MF774100 and MF774101. AdPOD27 and AdPOD64 were hydrophilic and alkaline proteins belonging to class Ⅲ of the plant heme-dependent peroxidase superfamily. The two proteins had signal peptide, transmembrane structure and phosphorylation sites. AdPOD27 and AdPOD64 located in mitochondrion and extracellular region, respectively. qRT-PCR analysis showed that the expression of AdPOD27 was up-regulated greatly treated with abscisic acid (ABA) and under 4℃, while AdPOD64 expression only enhanced treated with ABA. Moreover, the AdPOD27 expression had significant correlations with POD activity and AdPOD64 expression. Therefore, AdPOD27 and AdPOD64 would be involved in fruit softening, low temperature response and ABA induction of A. deliciosa.

Abstract:In order to understand the genetic diversity of walnut (Juglans) in Sichuan, the genetic diversity and genetic structure of 42 walnut germplasms were analyzed by RAD-SNPs method. The results showed that a total of 70G clean data and 160 309 high consistent SNPs were obtained, and the average Q30 was 96.3%. Forty-two walnut genotypes could be divided into two main groups, such as AJR (J. regia group, n=33) and AJS (J. sigillata group, n=9). The high genetic differentiation (F_ST=0.285) between two groups had correlation with their geographic distribution. Meanwhile, the groups of three varieties of ‘Weibo No.1’, ‘Bailong No.1’ and ‘Shimianjuhe’ were adjusted. There were 9 and 14 varieties in AJS and AJR groups with pure blood, respectively, while the rests in AJS and AJR groups were mixed blood. There were high genetic diversity among 42 walnut germplasms with nucleotide diversity[P_i(π)] of 0.029 and expected heterozygosity (He) of 0.286, and the J. sigillata group has higher genetic diversity than J. regia group. So, these would provide basis for the preservation and cross breeding of walnut germplasm resources in Sichuan.

Abstract:In order to understand the genetic diversity of Scleropyrum wallichianum in Yunnan, the genetic variations of eighty-six germplasms from seven populations were analyzed by using AFLP markers. Eight pairs of AFLP primers with high and stable polymorphism were selected, amplified 1 728 DNA bands, of which 1 388 bands were polymorphic, accounting for 80.14%. The genetic diversity indexes at the species level were Na=1.416, Ne=1.179, H=0.137, I=0.225, and at the population level were H=0.111, I=0.175. At similarity coefficient of 0.52, all germplasms could be divided into three groups. The population YW had abundant genetic diversity, and most of genetic variation existed within populations, while genetic variation among populations was 11.5% under confidence interval of 0.05. There was no significant correlation between genetic distance and geographical distance among populations (r=0.0323, P=0.5820). Therefore, in situ and ex situ protections would be proposed for increasing genetic diversity of S. wallichianum germplasms.

Abstract:In order to reveal the chloroplast gene and adaptive evolution characters of Rhodophyta, the 17 rbcL genes of Compsopogon and the similar group of freshwater red algae were selected, the bioinformatics of proteins encoded by rbcL genes of Compsopogon were analyzed by using software PAML4.9, and the selection sites of genes were detected by using branch model, site model and branch-site models. The results showed that the secondary structure of protein encoded by rbcL of Compsopogon was mainly composed of α helix and β folding, so its structure was very stable. The phylogenetic tree with the maximum likelihood method showed that the inner group had only one species, could be divided into three small branches, and they had obvious geographical distribution. No significant positively selected sites were detected under all three evolutionary models, indicating that most of the sites were under negative selection pressure. Therefore, there is no adaptive evolution of rbcL gene in Compsopogon.

Abstract:In order to understand the utilization value of hybrids between Saccharum and Erianthus arundinaceus as resistant parents, the resistance to smut and SCMV of some progenies BC₁ from Saccharum×E. arundinaceus were evaluated by artificial inoculation of pathogens. The results showed that most of BC₁ had the resistance to SCMV, and the resistance to smut was segregative among progenies. The BC₁ clones YCE01-48, YCE01-71, YCE01-105, YCE01-125, YCE02-184 and YCE01-118 showed co-resistance to smut and SCMV. So, they could be used as parents with high disease resistance for sugarcane breeding.

Abstract:In order to understand the parental characteristics of Saccharum spp., twelve important parents of HoCP series were preliminarily identified and evaluated with ROC22 as a control. The results showed that HoCP series clones were characterized by high emergence rate, good tiller, large effective stem number, early maturing and high sucrose content. Among them, HoCP01-564 showed the highest sugar yield, HoCP00-1142 had the highest yield, HoCP02-610 had the highest emergence rate and effective stem number, and HoCP07-613 had the highest sucrose content. The cluster analysis showed that all of the clones could be divided into 4 groups. Therefore, these characteristics would be used to make crosses in the future.

Abstract:To constructe the rapid regeneration system of Rauvolfia vomitoria Afzel., the effects of plant growth regulators on callus induction, differentiation, and rooting were studied with young stems as explants. The results showed that the optimal medium for callus induction was MS+2,4-D 1.0 mg L^-1+TDZ 0.5 mg L^-1 or MS+2,4-D 2.0 mg L^-1+TDZ 0.5 mg L^-1 with callus induction rate of 100%. The optimal medium for callus differentiation was MS+6-BA 3.0 mg L^-1+NAA 0.1 mg L^-1 with shooting rate of 46.6% and average buds of 3.04. So, these would lay a foundation for studying on rapid regeneration and genetic transformation of R. vomitoria.

Abstract:In order to understand the spatial genetic structure of Aquilaria sinensis in Wuguishan, Zhongshan City, Guangdong Province, the genotypes of 143 individuals of A. sinensis with DBH (diameter at breast height) more than 5 cm were determined by using 18 microsatellite loci. The results showed that the observed heterozygosity and expected heterozygosity of A. sinensis population were all 0.534, and inbreeding coefficient was 0.000 1, which indicated that the genetic diversity of A. sinensis in Wuguishan was not low, and the whole population was under random mating situation. The genetic landscape shapes, spatial principal components analysis (sPCA) and spatial autocorrelation analysis showed A. sinensis in Wuguishan lack spatial genetic structure. The individuals with different genetic backgrounds mixed, so that the neighbors had high genetic differences. So, it was suggested that the self thinning and artificial planting of A. sinensis could be the two possible reasons.

Abstract:In order to understand the effect of extreme climate events on plants, the phenology at flowering period of 10 species in Ka Ho Hill, Macao were observed from 2012 to 2017. The results showed that the flowering period of 10 species was usually from March to September, in which that of 4 species was in May. The flowering period of the plants has been significantly advanced or delayed by extreme heavy rainfall in early spring of 2013 and 2016. There were significant relations between flowering period of 9 species and monthly mean temperature or monthly precipitation in autumn and winter of last year and 0-2 months before flowering period. In addition, there was not distinct difference in flowering period of plants between temperature and precipitation, but late-flowering species were relatively sensitive to precipitation. Therefore, these would provide references for ecological restoration and selection of garden tree species in Macao and neighboring islands.

Abstract:In order to understand the bio-ecological characters of Vigna marina and its adaptability to the tropical coral island, the anatomical structure, physiological characteristics and nutritional components of the leaves were studied. The results showed that V. marina had thick leaves, low SLA, well-developed palisade tissue, high stomatal density and high stomatal area index, which played an important role in decreasing transpiration and maintaining moisture. The SOD and POD activities in leaves were high, while the MDA content was low, showing strong antioxidant capacity. The content of nutrients in leaves of V. marina was moderate, but that in soil was low, indicating that V. marina had a good ability to absorb and utilize nutrients, which was beneficial to adapt to the barren environment. Therefore, Vigna marina can adapt well to the habitat of high temperature, drought and high salinity. It can be used in wind-break, sand-fixation and vegetation restoration in tropical coral islands.

Abstract:In order to understand the history of species taxa research, the information of holotype specimens collected from Dinghushan National Nature Reserve of Guangdong, China, was analyze by using content analysis method. The results showed that there were a total of 202 species of holotype specimens, belonging to 3 kingdoms, 10 phyla, 20 classes, 54 orders, 104 families, and 146 genera, and kingdom plantae, kingdom animalia and kingdom fungi contained 63, 68 and 71 species, respectively. A total of 77 persons or groups collected the 194 holotype specimens. There were 147 persons came from 67 institutions, named all new species. There were 140 literatures published those new species in 67 kinds of journals. The 200 holotype specimens were currently deposited in 38 institutions. The statistical analysis showed that the 70% species were distributed in 30% families, orders, collectors, the first denominators, journals and deposit sites, showing unbalance in two-eight law. The specimen collection and naming reached the peak during the period of 1978-1997, in which 55.45% and 58.91% of total holotype specimens were collected and named, respectively. The species in kingdom plantae was collected and named earlier than those in kingdom animalia and kingdom fungi. The average shelf life for Dinghushan species was 7.56 years, and shelf life for kingdom plantae was longer than those for kingdom animalia and kingdom fungi. The holotype specimen density in Dinghushan Nature Reserve was higher than that in neighbor Nature Reserves.

Abstract:Alpinia coriandriodora D. Fang, (Zingiberaceae) previously known only from Guangxi Province, China is reported from Vietnam for the first time. It is similar to A. bambusifolia D. Fang but differs in having elliptic-lanceolate leaf blade, light yellow labellum with red-brown stripes and triangular anther crest. A detailed morphological description and colour plate of this species are given. Distribution and ecology information for the species is also provided. The vouchers are kept in the herbaria of Vietnam National Museum of Nature (VNMN) and South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IBSC).

Abstract:In order to understand the chemical constituents of endophytic fungus Phyllosticta aristolochiicola from Dendrobium officinale, fifteen compounds were isolated. On the basis of spectral data, their structures were identified as N-methyl-2-pyrolidinone (1), cyclo-(glycine-L-proline) (2), cyclo-(D-alanine-L-proline) (3), cyclo-(L-valine-L-proline) (4), cyclo-(L-leucine-L-proline) (5), cyclo-(L-leucine-D-4-hydroxyprolinyl) (6), cyclo-(L-phenylalanine-L-proline) (7), cyclo-(L-4-hydroxyproline-L-phenylalanine) (8), cyclo-(L-tyrosine-L-proline) (9), cyclo-(L-phenylalanine-L-leucine) (10), beer sterol (11), p-hydroxyphenylethanol (12), p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (13), (2S,3R)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butane-2,3-diol (14), and (2R,3S)-1-phenylbutane-2,3-diol (15). The MTS assay showed that compounds 2, 10 and 14 had weak inhibitory activities against five human tumor cell lines, such as HL-60, A-549, SMMC-7721, MCF-7, and SW-480.

Abstract:In order to understand the effect of liquid cultures on thallus of Huperzia serrate (Thunb.) Trev. in vitro, the changes in thallus growth, huperzine A accumulation, antioxidant enzymes activities and endogenous hormones were studied cultured on different dosage of liquid medium. The results showed that the huperzine A contents had significant differences among different dosages of liquid medium. The huperzine A content could reach up to 3 115.159 μg L^-1 with 15 mL medium, which was 2.20 times more than the control. The superoxide dismutase activity of thallus cultured in shallow liquid was higher than that of the control, the activity of peroxidase was higher than that of the control at early stage, while did the activity of catalase at later stage. The contents of endogenous hormones IAA and GA were lower than the control, while ABA content was higher than the control. Therefore, it was suggested that the ability to produce HupA was high in thallus in vitro of H. serrata cultured with shallow liquid medium, the HupA content had relation with the content of endogenous hormone ABA, and the activities of three antioxidant enzymes in thallus had collaborative enhancement effect during growth stage.

Abstract:The aim was to obtain lead compounds with anticancer activity by O-methylation of stilbene pheolic deriatives extracted from leaves of Cajanus cajan. Four derivatives, such as longistylin C, cajanonic acid A, cajanotone and cajaninstilbene acid, were treated with iodomethane and potassium carbohydrate under mild condition. The products were purified through silica gel column chromatography and their structures were identified by spectroscopic analysis as 2-isoprenyl-3,5-dimethoxy-stilbene (1), O-methyl-cajanonic acid A (2), 5-O-methyl cajanotone (3) and 3-O-methyl cajaninstilbene acid (4), respectively. Among them, compound 3 was a new compound. Effects of 1-4 and their reactants, together with resveratrol, 4'-O-methyl resveratrol and 3,4',5-O-trimethyl resveratrol using as positive controls, on the proliferation of the cell lines of human breast cancer (MDA-MB-231), cervical cancer (HeLa), liver cancer (HepG2), colon cancer (SW480), and non-small cell lung cancer (A549, NCI-H460 and NCI-H1299) were determined by CCK-8 assay. The results showed that longistilin C distinctly inhibited the proliferation of all the seven cell lines, with the half inhibitory concentrations (IC₅₀) to MDA-MB-231, HeLa, HepG2, and SW480 at 14.4, 16.1, 19.6, and 17.4 μmol L^-1 (strong suppresion), with IC₅₀ values of 25.7-29.6 μmol L^-1 to other three cell lines of non-small cell lung cancer; cajaninstilbene acid had a weak inhibition to HepG2, A549, NCI-H460, NCI-H1299 and MDA-MB-231 cells with IC₅₀ as 44.9-78.3 μmol L^-1; tri-O-methylated resveratrol showed significantly cytotoxity against MDA-MB-231, HeLa, SW480 and HepG2 cells with IC₅₀ of 16.1-17.4 μmol L^-1; O-methylated stilbenes 1-4 did not exhibited obvious cytotoxicity in the cell lines aboved.