Abstract:In order to understand the function of UGE in Liriodendron chinense, two genes, named LcUGE1 and LcUGE2, were obtained by RACE and EPIC-PCR. The result showed that the full-length cDNA of LcUGE1 and LcUGE2 were 1 531 and 1 378 bp with 1 050 and 1 056 bp open reading frame (ORF), and encoding 349 and 351 amino acids, respectively. Their genome DNA length were 11 920 and 6 544 bp, respectively. Both of LcUGE1 and LcUGE2 genes contained 9 exons and 8 introns. Though the exon length and intron splicing site sequence were almost similar, thier intron fragment length were different. The nucleic acid sequences of LcUGE1 and LcUGE2 were highly conserved up to 82% similarity. The expression of LcUGE1 and LcUGE2 were the highest in stamens and calyx, respectively. Therefore, the LcUGE genes could be involved in reproductive development of L. chinense.

Abstract:To understand the regulatory function of cold resistance transcription factor ICE1 in Canarium album, one ICE1 gene, named CaICE1, was cloned from ‘Fulan-1’ by using RT-PCR, and its bioinformatic characteristic, expression pattern and predicted targeting miRNAs were studied. The results showed that the length of open reading frame of CaICE1 was 1 650 bp, encoding 549 amino acids (GenBank accession No. MG459422). The CaICE1 was an unstable and hydrophilic protein located at nucleus, with transmembrane structure, phosphorylation sites and conserved HLH domains, and which had close relationship with ICE1 of Citrus trifoliata. Although the codon bias level was low, AGA, AGG, TGG and CCA would be optimal codons of CaICE1. The expression of CaICE1 was high in flower, seed and leaf, and which was significantly up-regulated under -3℃ compared with room temperature. Additionally, CaICE1 was predicted to be targeted by several stress responsive miRNAs, such as miR825, miR477, miR5658, miR1436 and miR394. Therefore, it was suggested that CaICE1 might play important regulation roles in low temperature stress of C. album, and its expression might be regulated by some stress responsive miRNAs.

Abstract:In the order to understand the function of EgrSuSy gene families, eighteen members of SuSy gene family were screened from the genomic database of Eucalyptus grandis, namwed EgrSuSy 1-EgrSuSy18, the gene characters and expression patterns were analyzed by using bioinformatics methods. The results showed that EgrSuSy genes distributed in 7 chromosomes, and the EgrSuSy proteins were located on the cytoplasmic membrane. All of the members of the family had not signal peptide. The proteins encoded by EgrSuSy genes were composed with alpha helix, extending chain, random coil and beta corner. Phylogenetic analysis showed that EgrSuSy proteins had close relations with those in Populus trichocarpa. The expression pattern of 18 EgrSuSy were different among tissues, such as immature xylem, mature leaf, phloem, shoot tips, xylem and young leaf. Therefore, EgrSuSy gene would play different roles in different tissues and development stage.

Abstract:To understand the genetic pattern on leaf traits variation between eucalypt hybrid progenies and their parents, the leaf morphological characters of female parent Eucalyptus urophylla, male parents E. pellita and E. tereticornis, and 8 hybrid progenies were studied. The results showed that there were not significant differences in leaf traits between two close relations of E. urophylla and E. pellita, whereas there were significant differences with distant relation E. tereticornis. The leaf traits of E. urophylla×E. pellita progenies had not significant differences with their parents, or there were more similar to male parent (E. pellita) than female (E. urophylla) parent. The leaf traits of E. urophylla×E. tereticornis progenies had significant differences with their parents, and had high similarity to female parents. Among individuals and families within species, the differences in leaf quantitative traits were significant, but qualitative traits showed significant differences only in leaf wax thickness and leaf orientation. Some leaf traits of hybrid progenies showed transgressive inheritance, the frequency of transgressive inheritance in E. urophylla×E. tereticornis were significantly higher than those in E. urophylla×E. pellita. Therefore, the length, ratio of length to width, shape factors, color and wax of leaf were determined properties in leaf morphological characteristics.

Abstract:In order to select excellent families of Casuarina equisetifolia, the growth characters of 23 provenances 109 families from 10 countries were comprehensively selected in Chihu State-owned Protective Forest Farm, Fujian Province. The results showed that there were significant differences among provenances and families in Height, diameter at breast height (DBH), individual volume, insect resistance, health status and survival rate afforestated for 42 months. The growth rate of 1 India provenance (18118), 3 China provenances (18267, 18268, 18586), and 3 Thailand provenances (18297, 18299, 21199) was higher than that of other provenances. The resistance against Anoplophora chinensis of Kenya provenances (18135, 18142, 18144), Australia provenance (17862), Vanuatu provenances (18312, 18565) was strong. The health status of Vanuatu provenance (18312) and Kenya provenance (18142) was better than that of other provenances. Three provenances from China (18586), Vietnam (18128) and Kenya (18144) showed higher survival than other provenances. The heritability of individual volume of C. equisetifolia was the highest, followed by survival and insect resistance, and health status was the lowest. The individual volume, insect resistance, health status and survival rate were used to index selection. According to selection rate for 25%, 28 families were considered as superior genetic materials of C. equisetifolia for cross-breeding in the further.

Abstract:In order to understand the male sterility of Rosa sterilis, the pollen activities were observed by I₂-KI staining method, and the physiological and biochemical characters of male sterile R. sterilis and fertile R. roburghii were studied at anther different development stage. The results showed that abortive pollen of R. sterilis accounted for 95.5%, while normal pollen of R. roburghii reached up to 99%. At different development stages of R. roburghii anther, the change trends in contents of soluble protein, soluble sugar and proline were similar, and soluble starch content increased. The change trends in contents of soluble protein, soluble sugar, proline and soluble starch were irregular, and their contents were significantly lower than those in R. roburghii at pollen mature stage, so that R. sterilis anther in mature pollen stage lack of the accumulation of nutrients. In the different development stage, SOD activity in R. sterilis were lower than that in R. roburghii. The MDA content increased in R. sterilis anther with the development, and the increment range was greater than that in R. roburghii. MDA content and POD activity were higher than those in R. roburghii. Therefore, it was suggest that the lack of nutrients and turbulence of enzyme system would be a reason of male sterility of R. sterilis.

Abstract:To understand the response mechanism of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) under drought stress, PEG-6000 solution was used to simulate drought stress, the seed germination and physiological traits of seedlings in ‘Qianzhi’ and ‘Red okra’ varieties were studied. The results showed that the water absorption, germination energy, germination rate, germination index, vigor index, simple vigor index of seeds, and hypocotyl length, root length, fresh weight and dry weight of seedlings in two varieties decreased with the concentration of PEG-6000 solution increased, while the drought-injury rate of okra increased. The seeds of two varieties failed to germinate with 20% PEG-6000. The activities of SOD, POD and CAT, and the contents of proline (Pro), soluble protein, soluble sugar and malonaldehyde (MDA) of okra seedlings increased with the concentration of PEG-6000 solution increased, and they reached up to maximum under 15% PEG-6000. So, it was suggested that under drought stress, seed germination of A. esculentus was inhibited, the contents of cell inclusion enhanced, and the antioxidant system was stimulated.

Abstract:In order to understand the changes in amino acid contents of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) leaves, the amino acid contents from 19 pigeonpea germplasms at 1-3-leaf-old were determined. The results showed that there were 17 kinds of amino acids in leaves of all pigeonpea germplasms at different leaf ages. The contents of threonine, isoleucine and lysine were the highest among the essential amino acids, with amounting to 0.67%, 0.70% and 0.48%, respectively, while those of serine, tyrosine and histidine were the highest among non-essential amino acids, with amounting to 0.69%, 0.66% and 0.44%, respectively. Except lysine and alanine, the other 15 kinds of amino acids in the leaves of pigeonpea generally increased along leaf age. The contents of total amino acids in the leaves were significantly different among different pigeonpea germplasms. Nineteen pigeonpea germplasms could be divided into four types by cluster analysis, such as low amino acid type (I), medium amino acid type (Ⅱ), medium and high amino acid type (Ⅲ) and high amino acid type (IV). Therefore, these would provide a theoretical basis for the processing of high-quality leaf tea and breeding of high-amino acid varieties of pigeonpea.

Abstract:In order to understand the mechanism of flower colour change of Brunfelsia acuminate, the changes in composition of anthocyanins in petals were studied by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system. The results showed that the optimized HPLC system was following:the flow rate was 0.8 mL min^-1, 7.5% formic acid acetonitrile as mobile phase A and 7.5% formic acid as mobile phase B; the elution program was 0 min with 8% A; 15 min with 18% A; 25 min 23% A; 45 min with 40% A and 50 min with 8% A. There were three kinds of anthocyanins, such as malvidin-3-O-glucoside chloride, petunidin-3-glucoside and delphinidin-3-glucoside in petals of B. acuminata by using the optimized system. Among them, the content of malvidin-3-O-glucoside chloride was the highest, followed by petunidin-3-glucoside and the content of delphinidin 3-glucoside was the lowest. Moreover, the contents of three kinds of anthocyanin decreased with the petal color from dark to light. Therefore, it was indicated that the coloration of B. acuminata is related to these three anthocyanins, and the malvidin-3-O-glucoside chloride plays a dominant role.

Abstract:In order to understand the endophytes deversity in Jasminum sambac (L.) Ait, the endophytes component was determined based on high throughput sequencing of 16S rDNA. The results showed that the endophytes in J. sambac was very rich, belonging to 38 phyla, 78 classes, 150 orders, 257 families and 434 genera. The Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Chloroflexi had high abundance. The abundance of Proteobacteria was the highest from June to October, accounting for 70.3%-85.7%. The Shannon index and Simpson index of endophytes were the biggest (3.14) and the smallest (0.13) in July, respectively, showing the highest bacterial diversity, which suggested that high temperature was beneficial to increase endophytes diversity. According to clustering and principal component analysis, the endophytes community structure in plants had high similarity in July and August, September and October, while that in June were obviously different from those in other months. Heatmap and redundancy analysis indicated that endophytes diversity were singificantly influenced by soil nutrient ingredients, and the contents of organic matter, total phosphorus and nitrogen were major factors. Therefore, these would provide a foundation for developing benefical endophytes from J. sambac.

Abstract:In order to verify the quality safety of Tieguanyin tea, and trace the source of hidden danger, the distribution, composition, transfer and enrichment capacity of rare earth elements in leaves of Tieguanyin planted in 3 types of soil in Anxi County, Fujian Province were studied. The results showed that all of tea and soil types were dominant by La, Ce, Nd and Y, but the composition characters of rare earth elements in soils were different, and the contents of rare earth elements in tea were in the order of the third leaf > the second leaf > the first leaf > leaf stalk. The composition of rare earth elements were similar in leaves at different position planted in the same garden, which were different from leaf stalk. There was significant influence of soil type on accumulation of rare earth elements in tea. The contents of rare earth elements in tea from yellow-red soil were significantly lower than those from red soil and yellow soil (P<0.05). The correlation coefficient of composition of rare earth elements between tea and soil were 0.886-0.985 (P<0.001), which indicated the composition of rare earth elements in tea was significantly positively correlated with soil types. Therefore, the accumulation and distribution of rare earth elements in Tieguanyin tea had significant relation with soil type of tea garden.

Abstract:In order to understand the structure and regeneration mechanism of dominant species in community, the evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed karst forests in Maolan National Nature Reserve, Guizhou Province, were investigated. The results showed that there were 70 woody species, belonging to 37 families and 58 genera in the community. The dominant families were Lauraceae, Rosaceae, Sapindaceae and Aceraceae. There were 41 evergreen trees and 29 deciduous trees, accounting for 58.6% and 41.4% of the total species, respectively, which indicated the character of evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed karst forests. The dominant trees in community were Litsea verticillata, Cyclobalanopsis glauca, Machilus rehderi and Cladrastis platycarpa, etc., while dominant shrub were Pittosporum crispulum, Euonymus dielsianus, Sinosideroxylon wightianum and Nandina domestica, etc. Based on DBH class distribution pattern, the dominant species community structure could be divided into five types. The unimodal type species, such as heliophyte Cerasus pseudocerasus and Choerospondias axillaris, regenerate in gap, which would disappear finally with the gap closing. The inverse-J type species, such as evergreen broad-leaved trees Litsea verticillata, Dendrobenthamia hongkongensis, Pittosporum crispulum, were dominant species in climax community with strong shade tolerance and renewability. The sporadic type species, such as Cyclobalanopsis glauca, Machilus rehderi, Clausena dunniana, main in small DBH class, can exist in the community for a long time. The L type species, such as Cinnamomum tamala, Acer catalpifolium, Sinosideroxylon wightianum, and the unibar type species, such as Mallotus repandus, Nandina domestica, were the dominant species in subtree layer and shrub layer of the climax community. Therefore, the karst forest community in Maolan is in a relatively stable climax stage.

Abstract:To understand the potential distribution characteristics of Quercus acutissima and its response to future climatic change, the Maxent model was used to simulate potential distribution under present climatic condition, and predict changes in its distribution under different greenhouse gas emission scenarios in future, and major factors affecting its distribution were analyzed. The results showed that Maxent had relatively good predicting ability for the distribution of Q. acutissima with AUC value more than 0.95. Under the current climatic condition, Q. acutissima could be widely distributed in southern China and some provinces of northern China, such as Shannxi, Henan, Shanxi, Gansu, Beijing and Liaoning, as well as Japan, Korea peninsula, Laos, Vietnam, Myanmar, Nepal, Bhutan, India, Pakistan, with a total suitable area about 11.57×10⁵km². Under future climate scenarios of RCP2.6 and RCP8.5, the suitable area of Q. acutissima predicted by Maxent model will expand northward and southwestward, increasing ca. (2.49~3.02)×10⁵km²;the loss of suitable area mainly occurred in southern Guangdong and Guangxi Provinces and eastern Myanmar. The dominant factors influencing the distribution of Q. acutissima were precipitation of the warmest quarter, isothermality, minimum temperature of the coldest month, mean temperature of the driest quarter, with contribution rates of 54.2%, 13.7%, 8.8%, 7.8%, respectively. These would provide a reference for studying the cultivation and conservation of Q. acutissima.

Abstract:In order to clarify the taxonomic issues between Chaetoceros diversus Cleve and C. laevis Leuduger-Fortmorel, their monoclonal strains were established near Nanao Island region, Guangdong Province. The continuous morphology of them was observed during all life stages under light and electron microscopies. The results showed that the extending direction of the thick setae were various in different life stages, so that they are not constant and can't be considered as useful taxonomic features. The D1-D3 sequence of the large subunit encoding ribosomal gene was amplified and analyzed. The results showed that the strains of C. diversus and C. laevis have the coincident sequences except only two differential bases in one strain of C. laevis. Chaetoceros diversus and C. laevis have uniform phylogenetic position in molecular tree, which indicates that they belong to the same species. Therefore, C. laevis is proposed as the synonym of C. diversus.

Abstract:Petrosavia sakurai, a species representing a new familial and order record of flora of Myanmar, is described and illustrated. Peterosavaia is characterized by scalelike leaves on stem usually 1-2 cm apart, inflorescence a raceme, bracts slightly shorter than pedicel, and tepals adnate for ca. 1/3 its length to ovary.