Abstract:In order to understand the suitable distribution zone of Polygonatum kingianum, the potential geographic distribution of P. kingianum under current conditions in China was simulated by using Maxent model, and the suitable climatic condition for introduction and cultivation was anlayzed. The results showed that the AUC of prediction model ranged from 0.974 to 0.980, showing Maxent model had good predictive ability. The potential suitable distribution zone of P. kingianum was mainly located in Southwest China. The high suitable area was about 81.34×10⁴ km², accounting for 88.24% of distribution area in China. The largest high suitable region was in Yunnan with 19.96×10⁴ km², following Sichuan with 5.49×10⁴ km². The altitude distribution of 75% suitable region was under 2 492 m, and the altitude above 3 400 m was not suitable for growing of P. kingianum. Based on cumulative contribution rate of model and Jackknife analysis, the main climatic factors inhibiting the distribution of P. kingianum were minimum temperature of the coldest month, minimum temperature in July, solar radiation from March to August, precipitation of the driest month, precipitation of April and precipitation from September to November. Therefore, it was suggested that subtropical zones with altitude from 1 400 to 2 100 m were the most suitable areas for P. kingianum.

Abstract:In order to understand the changes in species relationship of dominant species with sample scale, a typical wetland in the Poyang Lake region, the Nanji Wetland National Nature Reserve was selected as the study area, three belt transects with spacing interval 100 m were surveyed, which consisting of 2-3 sample plots (8 m×8 m in size) with sample spacing interval 80 m for each transect, eight sample plots in total. Each sample plot was divided into three sample unit scales with spatial sizes of 1 m×1 m, 2 m×2 m and 4 m×4 m. The methods of variance ratio test, χ² test, Jaccard index were used to measure the change tendency of overall interspecies association and pair interspecies association for the community dominant plants with expansion of the sample unit scales. The results showed that Carex cinerascens, Cardamine lyrata, Artemisia selengensis, Mazus japonicus, Potentilla tanacetifolia, Triarrhena lutarioriparia, and Poa annua were dominant species according impotance value. With increase of sample unit scale, the changes in importance value of dominant species were not significant except of Carex cinerascens, which increased at first and then decreased. According to variance ratio test, there were no significant difference in overall interspecies association for the 21 species pairs from the seven dominant species, and which changed from negative association to positive association with the increment of the sample unit scale. From χ² test, there was no significant difference in species-species association for most of the 21 species pairs at the three sample unit scales. With enlargement of sample unit sizes, the number of species pairs with significant association dropped down and that with positive association stepped up gradually. According to Jaccard index, the degree of species pair association enhanced continuously with increment of sample unit scales. Therefore, it was caused that there were many plant species with low occurrence frequency, the resources distribution variation within plant communities at different sample scales and the competition/cooperation relations between plant species in the study area.

Abstract:In order to understand the water use ability of Lauraceae species, the water physiological characteristics and ground diameter (D), tree height (H) of three five-year-old saplings, including Machilus pauhoi, Cinnamomum camphora and Phoebe bournei grown in common garden were compared in growth season. The results showed that the water content (RWC), water potential (Ψ) and branch specific conductivity (K_s) in C. camphora were significantly higher than those of M. pauhoi and P. bournei, while the loss rate of hydraulic conductivity (PLC) were significantly lower (P<0.05). It indicated that C. camphora had high water retention capacity, water use efficiency and water loss resistance among the three species. Therefore, three saplings reduced efficiency of water transportation due to strengthening of cavitation. Machilus pauhoi saplings increased water use efficiency to cope with reduction of water transfer efficiency. The leaves of C. camphora saplings had high water content, which kept stomata inflate to achieve high transpiration rate. Phoebe bournei saplings could maintain relative water content of leaves by increasing efficiency and safety of water transport.

Abstract:In order to understand the effect of environmental factors on bryophytes, the biodiversity and environmental factors of bryophytes on the wall of Zhaobishan in Guiyang City were studied by CCA. The results showed that there were 45 species of bryophytes on the wall of Zhaobishan, belonging to 9 families and 17 genera, and Fissidentaceae, Pottiaceae, Brachytheciaceae, Bryaceae, and Thuidiaceae were dominant families. The species composition, dominant species, and common species of bryophytes were different in different parts of wall. The dominant and common species of bryophytes in the upper and middle parts of wall were mainly short turfs, and those in the lower wall were mainly wefts. The analysis of CCA showed that temperature and humidity were the main factors affecting the distribution of bryophytes on the wall. Hyophila involuta, Didymodon constrictus, Didymodon ditrichoides, Fissidens bryoides var. bryoides could grow well in all parts of the wall. Therefore, it was suggested that the suitable bryophytes could be selected in the karst urban vertical greening.

Abstract:In order to reveal the distribution of epiphyllous liverworts in the fragile karst environment, the diversity of epiphyllous liverworts were investigated in karst region of Guangxi-Vietnam Border. The results showed that there were forty-three species of epiphyllous liverworts, belonging to 15 genera and 5 families in the karst region. Among them, six species, such as Cololejeunea yakusimensis, Leptolejeunea balansae, Cheilolejeunea streimannii, Lejeunea micholitzii, L. kodamae and L. exilis, are newly recorded from Guangxi. The epiphyllous liverworts flora of the karst region showed strong tropical and East Asian distribution character. There were the highest similarity between the karst region and Maolan Nature Reserve in species diversity and floristic relationship among seven neighbor areas. The distribution of epiphyllous liverworts in the karst region increased along the altitude. The species diversity of epiphyllous liverworts was rich in Laohutiao Nature Reserve, Nonggang Nature Reserve, and the Fengshui forests in Longbang Town, Jingxi County. Therefore, it was suggested that these areas would be priority protected for epiphyllous liverworts diversity in the future.

Abstract:In order to understand the secretion rule and components of litchi (Litchi chinensis) nectar, the nectar secretion pattern of male and female flowers in ‘Nuomici’ (‘NMC’), ‘Guiwei’ (‘GW’) and ‘Huaizhi’ (‘HZ’) were studied in cloudy and sunny days. The results showed that there was no significant difference in air temperature between sunny and cloudy days, but the relative air humidity of cloudy day was significantly higher than that of sunny day. The nectar amount in cloudy day was more than that in sunny day, and female flowers secreted nectar more than male flowers, as well as ‘NMC’ and ‘GW’ more than ‘HZ’. The soluble solid content in nectar at sunny day was higher than that in cloudy day, in especial of female flowers. The soluble solid content in nectar was the highest in ‘HZ’, reached up to 37.7%, followed by ‘GW’, and ‘NMC’ was the lowest for 17.7%. The soluble sugars were mainly composed of glucose, fructose and sucrose by HPLC, and the content of glucose was the highest. The soluble sugar content of in ‘HZ’ nectar of female flowers in sunny day was 450.36 μg mL^-1, which was significantly more than that of other two cultivars. These would provide scientific basis for cultivation and nectar production of litchi.

Abstract:In order to screen out the optimal media formula for Mytilaria laosensis container seedling, the effect of different proportion of yellow soil and light media on the growth and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of container seedlings was investigated. The results showed that the seedling height, root diameter and total biomass tended to increase at first and then decrease with the increment of light media proportion, reaching up to the peak grown in T₅ media (yellow soil:light media=5:5), which were 3.60, 1.97 and 13.5 times more than those of control (yellow soil), respectively. Except of length of main root, the root indicators grown in all media were larger than those in control. With the increment of light substrate proportion, the total length, surface area and volume of seedlings root in all media increased at first and decreased later, and the peak appeared in T₅ media. The average diameter of seedling root generally increasd with the increment of light media proportion. Among all media, the initial fluorescence (Fo) of seedlings grown in T₅ was the smallest, and the maximum fluorescence (Fm) and PSⅡ maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) in T₅ were the largest, showing the highest photochemical capacity. Therefore, the growth of M. laosensis container seedlings was the best in T₅ media (yellow soil:light media=5:5), it was suggest that the mixture media with 50%-60% of light media could be used as container nursery media for M. laosensis.

Abstract:In order to select excellent family of Liquidambar formosana, the genetic variations among 24 provenances and 310 families at 9 years old were analyzed, and excellent families and individuals were selected by multi-objective decision method. The results showed that there were significant differences in diameter at breast height (DBH), height, volume, height under branch, crown width and straight index among provenances and families (P<0.01), and the volume growth was better in provenances from Funing of Yunnan, Pingxiang of Guangxi and Hucheng of Jiangxi. The family heritability of all traits was moderate genetic control, ranged from 0.24 to 0.44, and the individual heritability was from 0.20 to 0.50. There were 26 excellent families and 41 excellent individuals were selected. The average DBH, tree height, volume, crown width and straight index of excellent families were larger than ensemble average for 19.63%, 18.56%, 52.16%, 5.11% and 4.03%, respectively, and their genetic gain was similar for 6.67%, 8.24%, 20.28%, 1.82% and 1.75%. The average volume of excellent individuals was larger than ensemble average for 150.25%. So, these would provide a theoretical basis for the breeding strategy making and application in production of L. formosana.

Abstract:In order to reveal the expression pattern of transcriptome factors (TFs) of Rhododendron pulchurum under drought stress, the expression profiles of transcription factors in ‘Baifeng 4’ under different water conditions were analysed by using the high-throughput sequencing technology. The results showed that there were 34-161 differential expression TFs among different water treatments. The transcriptional regulation in Rhododendron response to drought was synergistic effects of the expressions of ERF, bHLH and MYB genes. The special expression of NAC and up expression of WRKY, bZIP, PLATZ were found under drought stress, and the special expression of GATA in rehydration. The trend of gene expression was consistent with sequencing results by RT-qPCR, showing the validity of sequencing results. Therefore, these would be lay a theoretical foundation for understanding the molecular mechanism of drought resistance and molecular breeding of Rhododendron.

Abstract:In order to understand the variation of cultivated germplasm of Hevea brasiliensis, the genomic C value of 53 cultivated germplasms with high quality characters in Yunnan rubber planting areas were measured by flow cytometry, and their variations were analyzed. The results showed that light green young leaves of H. brasiliensis were suitable samples for flow cytometry. There were differences in nuclear DNA content and genomic C value among 53 cultivated germplasms. The average genomic C value was 1.531 696×10⁹bp, the smallest was CRTG-272 (1.465 908×10⁹bp), the largest was CRTG-83 (1.600 381×10⁹bp), and the variation coefficient (CV) was small (0.035 5). Among 53 cultivated germplasms of H. brasiliensis, forty-seven were diploid and 6 were triploid. The genome sizes had big CV up to 1.248 6 among 40 species of Euphorbiaceae, which is consistent with the view of the C value paradox. Therefore, flow cytometry can achieve rapid and accurate determination of the nuclear DNA content, genomic C value, and chromosome ploidy of H. brasiliensis.

Abstract:In order to discuss the inter-and sub-generic classification of Callerya Endl. and Millettia Wight et Arn. (Leguminosa) from China, the pollen morphology of 11 species, 5 varieties of Callerya and 6 species, 2 varieties of Millettia were observed under scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that pollen grains of Callerya and Millettia were monads, tricolporate or tricolpate, radiosymmetric, mainly spheroidal and suboblate in equatorial view, circular or rounded triangular in polar view. The pollen of Callerya was medium in size, whereas those of Millettia were small. The colpus membrane of both genera pollen was more or less raised or sunken, with finely or coarsely granular. There were six exine ornamentation types in pollen of Callerya & Millettia. Therefore, based on pollen morphology, Schot's hypothesis was not supported which combine all Callerya cinerea-complex species except for C. nitida and C. cochinchinensis into C. cinerea, and it was congruent with recent phylogenetic studies which separating Callerya from Millettia s. l. from pollen sizes.

Abstract:Bulbophyllum sarcophylloides Garay, Hamer & Siegerist, a newly recorded species of Orchidaceae from China is reported. Charactristic description and color photos are provided. The voucher specimens are deposited in Herbarium of Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences (HITBC). This species is epiphytic on tree trunk or lithophytic under limestone forest, distributed in Menglun town, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province.

Abstract:Verbena stricta Vent. (Verbenaceae) and Helianthus annuus L. (Asteraceae) are reported as the newly record naturalized species in Liaoning province, China. Verbena stricta Vent. is characterized by its stout compact spike (vs. slender), spikes solitary or in simple cymes or panicled, and greatly elongating in fruit; leaves ovate-orbicular (vs. oblong-lanceolate or bipinnatisect), sessile, which is significantly different from other species of the genus Verbena from China. The species is native to eastern and central United States, and has recently naturalized in Tieling city, Liaoning province. The sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is native to North America, which has been widely naturalized in Dalian city, also found in Bayuquan of Yingkou city. The morphological characteristics of the naturalized population are completely different from the cultivated type in this area for the copiously branched inflorescence, small capitula and achene, and highly diversified sculpture of achene outer envelope.

Abstract:Impatiens napoensis Y. L. Chen, previously known only from China, is newly found in Quan Ba District, Ha Giang Province, North Vietnam, and the vouchers are kept in the herbaria of Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Hanoi, Vietnam (HN) and South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IBSC). Its morphological description, color photos, ecology and phenology are provided in this paper.

Abstract:Glochidion fortunei Hance was reduced to a synonym of G. puber (L.) Hutch. in Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae and Flora of China, but accepted as an independent species in Flora of Guangdong. However, the results from morphological comparison and literature examination suggest that G. fortunei is conspecific with G. rubrum Blume, we therefore reduce G. fortunei to a synonymy of the latter. Additionally, we also found that the combination Glochidion "puberum" is a correctable error for G. puber.

Abstract:Pogostemon chinensis C. Y. Wu et Y. C. Huang is newly recorded from India. It was discovered in Assam, India, and its voucher is kept in the herbarium of Royal Botanic Garden Edinburg (E). The species is similar to P. septentrionalis C. Y. Wu et Y. C. Huang morphologically, but differs from the latter in having strigose stems and leaves, and sub-tubular calyx.

Abstract:In order to understand the chemical constituents of Canna generalis, eight compounds were obtained from its roots. On the basis of spectral data, their structures were identified as dehydrovomifoliol (1), 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid ethyl ester (2), caffeic acid ethyl ester (3), stigmast-4,22-dien-3,6-dione (4), stigmast-4-ene-3,6-dione (5), stigmastane-3,6-dione (6), β-sitosterol (7) and stigmasterol (8). All the compounds were reported from Canna generalis for the first time.