Abstract:To understand the relationship between geographical distribution pattern of Cerasus schneideriana and its climatic limited factors,the DIVA-GIS software and BIOCLIM model were applied to predict the present and future potential spatial areas on the basis of actual distribution points.The results showed that the actual distributions of C.schneideriana covered 6 provinces of east China,including Zhejiang,Fujian,Anhui,Jiangxi,Guangxi and Hunan.The natural distribution core area located in mountain areas of Zhejiang-Fujian border,and the north boundary arrived at Zhejiang-Anhui border.Under future climate change situation (CCM3),the probability of potential areas of C.schneideriana would increase,and had a tendency to the north expansion.The principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that the annual precipitation (bio12),precipitation of the driest quarter (bio6),precipitation of the warmest quarter (bio18) and temperature seasonality (bio4) were the dominant factors for geographical distribution of C.schneideriana.The frequency histograms further showed the factor’s optimum range were 1503~2003 mm,604~951 mm,528~791 mm and 601~872(SD^*100),respectively.Evaluation by the ROC curve proved the BIOCLIM model predicted the distribution accurately (AUC=0.998) and reliably.Therefore,these revealed that C.schneideriana were suited to live in north subtropical region of China,with warm and humid condition,water and heat were the two key climatic factors to the distribution pattern.

Abstract:In order to understand the effect of shading on growth of Bischofia javanica seedlings,the changes in physio-ecology characteristics of one-year-old Bischofia javanica seedlings were studied under different shading in summer,including 100% NS (nature sunshine),41.3% NS,14.6% NS and 3.6% NS for 150 days.The results showed that the light compensation point (LCP),light saturation point (LSP),dark respiration rate (Rd) increased with the increment of shading degree,and apparent photosynthetic quantum yield (AQY) increased continuously.The noon break phenomenon was obvious from the daily changes in net photosynthetic rate (Pn),stomatal conductance (Gs),intercellular CO₂ concentration (Ci) and transpiration rate (Tr) of B.javanica seedlings under different light conditions.The decreasing of photosynthetic rate was due to non-stomatal factor under shading,while that was to stomatal factor under whole sunshine.Along the increment of shade degree,the contents of chlorophyll and soluble sugar in B.javanica seedlings increased at first and then decrease,on the contrary of the relative conductance rate,malondialdehyde (MDA) content and CAT activity with the minimum values under 41.3% NS.The SOD activity and soluble protein content decreased with increment of shading degree.Therefore,the B.javanica seedlings would adapt to strong light environment by improving the Pn,antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD and CAT) and chlorophyll content,reducing LSP,LCP and Rd,increasing the AQY.It could grow better under moderate shading (41.3% NS) in summer.

Abstract:In order to break physical dormancy of Sindora glabra seeds,the effects of different treatments on germination of seeds were evaluated.The results showed that different treatments had significant effects on germination characteristics of mature and over-mature seeds of S.glabra.The germination rate of mature seeds increased significantly treated by both with 40℃ hot water and 50 mg L^-1 NAA,which exceeded 55% with 10% more than the control.However,the germination rates treated by other methods ranged from 4.0% to 46.0%,which was lower than the control.The germination rate,germination vigor and germination index of over-mature seeds were the highest by immersion in 98% sulfuric acid for 25 min with more than 90%,76% and 7 more than control,respectively,and germination time was shortened by 9 days compared to the control,and other treatments also promoted seed germination to various extent.Therefore,mature seeds immersed in low temperature hot water or weak corrosive chemical solution and over-mature seeds soaked in concentrated sulfuric acid for 25 min were the optimum methods.

Abstract:In order to understand the effect of shading on leaf color and nutrient accumulation of Nandina domestica ‘Hongye’,the changes in physiological and biochemistry indexes were studied under different shading treatments,such as full light,30%,55%,and 70% shading.The results showed that the contents of chlorophyll and carotenoids increased with increment of shading,whereas relative content of anthocyanin decreased,and the content of soluble sugar had no difference.Along the prolonging of shading treatment,the relative content of anthocyanin and soluble sugar content increased,while the contents of chlorophyll and carotenoids increased in full light or 30% shading,fluctuated smoothly in 55% shading,and increased at first and then decreased in 75% shading.The content of leaf N was high under 75% shading,and those of P,K were high under 50% shading.The content of Ca decreased with the increment of shading.However,the contents of Mg,Fe had no differences among shading treatments.The correlation analysis showed that anthocyanin content had positive correlation with contents of soluble sugar or Ca (P<0.05),and negative correlation with content of N (P<0.05).The content of chlorophyll had positive correlation with the content of N (P<0.05),and negative correlation with contents of K or Ca (P<0.05).Therefore,shading environment could affect the contents of pigments,soluble sugar and mineral elements in N.domestica ‘Hongye’,and 30% shading was reasonable for a tradeoff between better growth and nice color.

Abstract:The effects of exogenous ascorbic acid (AsA) and methy jasmonate (MeJA) on rice (Oryza sativa) leaf senescence induced by ethephon was investigated using wild type of cultivar line Zhonghua 11(ZH-11) and the mutant line GI-2 with down-regulated GLDH gene,which GLDH was a key enzyme in AsA biosynthesis path.The results showed that exogenous AsA increased ascorbic acid content in GI-2.Likewise,the contents of Rubisco protein and chlorophyll contents increased significantly after treated by AsA,and the descending rate of photosynthetic parameters decreased,while AsA treatment had no significant effects on ZH-11.In both cultivars,MeJA significantly decreased the contents of ascorbic acid,Rubisco protein and chlorophyll after treatment,while increased the descending rate of photosynthetic parameters,and had a stronger effect on ZH-11 than GI-2.Therefore,it was demonstrated that exogenous AsA plays an effective role in alleviating the early-senescence of rice leaf induced by ethephon,while MeJA has the opposite effects.

Abstract:In order to identify the thermotolerance of Luffa acutangula,thirty-two varieties were screened,and the physiological response to heat stress with different heat resistance,such as WB121(tolerant),WB105(susceptible) and YL8(intermediate),was studied.The results showed that 32 luffa varieties included 3 heat-tolerant,4 heat-susceptible,and 25 intermediate varieties.The relative conductivity (RC),the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and soluble sugar (SC) in three varieties gradually increased with the prolongation of heat stress.However,there is no significant difference in activities of three antioxidases (SOD,CAT and POD) within these cultivars.The chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (Fv/Fm,Yeild and ETR) of all the three luffa varieties decreased with the time of heat stress,in which the susceptible variety WB105 had significant decline.The Pearson correlation analysis indicated that the heat injury index had positive correlation with RC,MDA and SC,but negative with the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (Fv/Fm,Yeild and ETR),and the correlations between the heat injury index and three antioxidases (SOD,CAT and POD) activities were not significant.Therefore,the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (Fv/Fm,Yeild and ETR) are rapid and accurate indicator of the heat injury and could serve as important physiological parameters for identification of thermotolrance in Luffa acutangula at the seedling stage.

Abstract:In order to understand the changes in chemical constituents of Dendrobium officinale at different growth stage,the contents of alcohol soluble components,polyphenols,flavonoids,terpenoids,organic acids,amino acids,sugars were measured.The results showed that the change trends the 6 kinds of substance contents were consistent with the total amount of alcohol soluble extract in stems.From September 2015 to September 2016,their contents decreased at first,and then increased.However,the dynamic changes in contents of 6 kinds of substances in leaves did not show consistency.Among 6 kinds of substances,the content of saccharide with low molecular weight was the highest,followed by contents of triterpenes and organic acids.And there were significant negative correlation between the total amount of alcohol soluble extract and the content of polysaccharides in the stems,but not in the leaves.These would provide scientific basis for evaluating quality and ensuring harvest time of D.officinale.

Abstract:In order to understand the differences in leaf characteristics and total flavonoids content among Olea europaea varieties,the leaf characteristics and content of total flavonoids in ten varieties grown in Qingchuan County,Sichuan were determined.The results showed that there were significant differences in leaf characteristics among varieties,and there were significant correlations among leaf characteristics.The leaf area of ‘Zhongshan 24’ was the largest among varieties,and the smallest in ‘Picholine’.The variation coefficient of leaf perimeter was the highest among leaf characteristics,and the lowest in leaf area.The variation coefficient were the largest in leaf area for ‘E'zhi 8’,leaf width for ‘Leccion’,leaf ratio of length to width for ‘Manzalia’,and leaf shape coefficient for ‘Empetry’.The variation coefficient in leaf characteristics of ‘Picholine’ was lower than other varieties.The six leaf characteristics in Olea europaea could be simplified into two representative traits,such as shape coefficient and leaf length.There was significant difference in content of total flavonoids among varieties.The content of total flavonoids in autumn shoots was higher than that in spring shoots,ranged from 0.07 to 3.39 mg g^-1.The content of total flavonoids in ‘Picholine’,‘Arebiqunia’,‘Zhongshan 24’ and ‘Kalinjot’ had significant difference between spring shoots and autumn shoots,while it had litter difference in ‘Frantoio’.The content of total flavonoids in spring shoots and autumn shoots of ‘E’zhi 8’ and ‘Coratina’ were higher than other varieties,and that in autumn shoots of ‘Picholine’ was higher than that in spring shoots.The content of total flavonoids was the lowest in spring shoots of ‘Kalinjot’ with 3.02 mg g^-1 and in autumn shoots of ‘Arbequina’ with 2.64 mg g^-1.There were significant or very significant of positive or negative correlations between total flavonoids and leaf characteristics in ‘Coratina’,‘Zhongshan 24’,‘Empetry’ and ‘E;Zhi 8’.So,it was suggested that the content of total flavonoids was influenced by growth of leaf.

Abstract:In order to understand the chemical constituents of Bombax ceiba,seventeen compounds were isolated from its roots.On the basis of physicochemical properties and spectral data,they were identified as 9,19-cyclolanost-24-en-3-one (1),cycloartenol (2),friedelin (3),lupenol (4),3β-acetoxy oleanolic acid (5),oleanolic acid (6),ergosta-4,6,8(14),22E-tetraene-3-one (7),cholest-4-en-3-one (8),5α,8α-epidioxy-ergosta-6,9,22E-dien-3β-ol (9),β-sitosterol (10),6β-hydroxy-stigmast-4-en-3-one (11),cholesterol (12),β-sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucoside-6’-O-eicosanate (13),trilinolein (14),1-hentriacontanol (15),docosanoic acid (16),lauryl oleate (17).Except compounds 4,6,9,and 10,the others were isolated from the genus Bombax for the first time.

Abstract:In order to clarify the chemical constituents and their anti-inflammatory activities of Gochnatia decora,eleven compounds were isolated from the petroleum ether fraction of methanol extracts from the barks of G.decora.These compounds were identified as friedelin (1),friedelinol (2),oleanolic acid (3),oleanene (4),stigmasterol (5),β-sitosterol (6),palmitic acid (7),n-pentadecanoic acid (8),l-O-myristoylglycerol (9),methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate (10),and methyl gallate (11).All the compounds were obtained from the genus Gochnatia for the first time.The compounds 1,3 and 4 displayed significantly high inhibitory activities against NO production (IC₅₀<10 μmol L^-1),while 2,3 and 4 exhibited moderate neutrophil elastase (NE) inhibitory activities by the assay of LPS-induced NO production in RAW264.7 cells and inhibition of NE,respectively.

Abstract:Because of the variation of some key morphological characteristics and the subjective influences from researchers,the mis-identification has occurred commonly to Chaetoceros brevis.Meanwhile,there are still some debate on the species sharing very similar morphology with C.brevis,for example whether they could be ranked as a separated species or just a variety as C.brevis var.pseudobrevis.To solve the above questions,several monoclonal stains were established,their morphology and systematic were studied based on the combination of continuously morphological observation in the life cycle and molecular data from some target genes.One new morphological characteristic was found in C.brevis,i.e.,the cap-like structure on the top of spins on the surface of resting spore,which has never been reported in other Chaetoceros species,and could be a unique feature to identify C.brevis.A newly recorded diatom species for China was observed,C.pseudobrevis.Combine the morphology and molecular data,it was shown that C.pseudobrevis should be a separate taxa,not a variety of C.brevis.In the phylogenetic trees,the taxa in section Laciniosa clustered in the same clade,which shown the monophygeny and matching with the morphological grouping.But so far it is difficult to confirm the common-sharing features for this section.

Abstract:The research advances and future research directions for cytogenetics of Avena L.(Aveneae,Pooideae,Poaceae) were summarized by reviewing related literature.The 29 species of Avena were belonging to seven sections and five types of genomes (A,C,AB,AC,and ACD).Based on fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and chromosome pairing experiments between the interspecific F₁ generation hybrids,the major differences of chromosome structure were presented between A and C genomes——the isobrachial chromosomes in the A-genome diploids and the heterobrachial chromosomes in the C-genome diploids.Molecular phylogenetic data supported a close relationship between D and A genomes,while the B genome was similar to the A’ genome according to the cytogenetic data in Avena.The hypothesis of A-genome diploids being the maternal parents for hexaploid species of Avena occupied mainstream status,while Avena strigosa being the maternal A-genome donor for Avena polyploids were questionable,further some researchers thought that A.canariensis might be the A-or D-genome donor for Avena polyploids.Intergenomic interchange or chromosome rearrangement occurred during the divergence of Avena polyploids,resulting in more difficulties in researches of the interspecific relationship reconstruction,the genomic origin,and speciation process of polyploids in Avena.Therefore,the combination of genomics and molecular cytogenetic technologies might provide new evidence for above cytogenetic problems.