Abstract:Both herbarium and field observations have shown that Delphinium yangii W. T. Wang (Ranunculaceae) described from Zhongdian, northwestern Yunnan, China is identical with D. smithianum Hand.-Mazz., a species previously reported to occur in that area and also in western Sichuan (Kangding, Xiaojin, Wenchuan). Therefore the former was placed in synonymy with the latter.

Abstract:Based on observations of herbarium specimens and living plants in wild populations, Actaea heracleifolia (Ranunculaceae), a species previously recorded in China only from Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, and Nei Mongol, has been confirmed to occur also in northeastern Hebei, western Hubei, and eastern Shandong. Actaea heracleifolia is thus disjunctively distributed in northern and central China. The cause for the formation of this geographical disjunction is discussed.

Abstract:Based on the specimens collected from Hainan Island and Guangxi Province, the lichen genus Chapsa A. Massal. and two species, C. indica A. Massal. and C. leprocarpa (Nyl.) A. Frisch, are reported as new to China. The genus is characterized by the corticolous crustose thallus, apothecioid or chroodiscoid ascomata with a fused to indistinctly free proper exciple, the presence of lateral paraphyses, and the transversely septate to muriform asco-spores.

Abstract:Two leguminous species of Dalbergia velutina Benth. and D. ovata Graham ex Benth. are newly recorded from Yunnan Province, China.

Abstract:Maianthemum bicolor (Nakai) Cubey found in Mt. Baijifeng of Tonghua City of Jilin Province was reported as a newly recorded species from China. This species is obviously different from its close related species in morphological characters.

Abstract:In order to reveal the cytology characters of Mikania micrantha (Asteraceae), the chromosome number and morphology of Mikania micrantha (Asteraceae), an invasive plant in China, were studied, including Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Reservoir, Shantou and Yangjiang populations from south-east Guangdong, and Pingdong and Yilan populations from Taiwan. The chromosome number 2n=36 was determined for all six populations. Their karyotypes were all characterized by having a remarkably larger, submedian centromeric chromosome pair with a secondary constriction in the middle of the long arms. The karyotype formulas were as follows: 2n= 20m+14sm+2st for both Shenzhen University and Shenzhen Reservoir populations, 2n=22m+12sm+2st for Shantou, Yangjiang and Pingdong populations, and 2n=18m+16sm+2st for Yilan population. The only previous report of chromosome number for M. micrantha from its invasive range in China, i.e. 2n=38 of Shenzhen University population, is most likely a miscount, which may have been caused by mistaking the two chromosomal fragments formed through breakage of the largest chromosome pair at secondary constrictions as two whole chromosomes. Results of our study and those previously reported from the native range of M. micrantha indicate that there indeed exists aneuploid and polyploid variation within this species, but 2n=36 (diploid based on x=18) is the only number currently known from the invading populations in China. It seems that at least in south-east Guangdong and Taiwan, China, the successful invasion of M. micrantha is not associated with polyploidy.

Abstract:In order to compare the anatomical structures of stem and leaf among Litchi, Dimocarpus and genus hybrids, the structures of stem and leaf were observed by free hand section, tissue segregation procedure and paraffin. The results showed that pith rate and bark rate of ‘Hybrid A’ and ‘Hybrid B’ were between male parent and female parent, whereas xylem rate, the ratio of total vessel area to xylem area and vessel element internal diameter showed obvious better-parents advantage. Bark rate and ray breadth of ‘Hybrid C’ and ‘Hybrid D’ were less than those of parents. Frequencies of vessel element without tail and with horizontal both ends were between male parent and female parent in ‘Hybrid A’ and ‘Hybrid B’. The Morphological characteristics of vessel element also were more close to female parent ‘Shixia’ in ‘Hybrid C’ and ‘Hybrid D’. Vessel element length of ‘Hybrid D’ was significantly greater than that of its parents. Leaf midvein thickness of four hybrids was between male parent and female parent. Vein protuberant degree of ‘hybrid D’ and the ratio of palisade tissue to spongy tissue of ‘Ziniangxi’ were significantly greater than those of others. Size of leaf epidermal cell and shape of anticlinal wall in four hybrids were between male parent and female parent. Significant differences in leaf epidermal characteristics between Litchi and Dimocarpus might use as identification of the two genera. The anatomical structure of the four genus hybrids showed a more obvious partial genetic effect.

Abstract:In order to understand the elongation mechanism of the uppermost internode of TGMS rice (Oryza sativa L.) at protein expression level, the proteins in the uppermost internodes of eui mutant ‘Changxuan 3S’ and ‘Pei’ai 64S’ (control) before 2 days to heading were isolated by two-dimensional (2-DE) electrophoresis. A 2-DE map with a high resolution and good reproducibility were obtained by Coomasie brilliant blue staining. Fifty differentially expressed protein spots from 2-DE map were analyzed using MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS peptide mass fingerprint method, in which thirty-one differential proteins were identified. Compared with Pe'iai 64S, there were eleven proteins up-regulated in Changxuan 3S, and twenty proteins down-regulated. All of thirty-one differential proteins were divided into 7 categories according to their function. It was suggested that these differential proteins might play roles in elongation of the uppermost internode in ‘Changxuan 3S’ at heading stage, and eui gene in rice might regulate the expression of these proteins in uppermost internode at heading stage, thus promote cell division, especially cell elongation.

Abstract:In order to understand the difference between allopolyploid and its parents in expression level and alternative splicing pattern of SR30 gene when the allopolyploid had been synthesized, different tissues or organs were collected from allotetraploid plant Raphanobrassica and its maternal parent Raphanus sativus, paternal parent Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra. Full-length coding sequence (CDS) and 3' untranslated regions (3'UTR) were cloned by using RACE-PCR. The expression level based on qRT-PCR and relative expression of each mRNA isoforms by using semi-quantitative RT-PCR was detected. The results showed that there were 5 mRNA isoforms of RsSR30 and 4 mRNA isoforms of BoSR30 appeared in the allopolyploid. In addition, the expression of SR30 reflected an obvious diversity between different tissues or organs. The expression of SR30 reduced significantly in allopolyploid compared with its parental species. Based on the mRNAs, it was predicted that there are 3 proteins encoded by RsSR30 and 2 proteins encoded by BoSR30. The difference between each protein isoforms was reflected in the RS (rich in serine-arginine dipeptides) domains located in C-terminal. Therefore, both of expression and alternative splicing patterns of SR30 changed when the allopolyploid had been synthesized.

Abstract:In order to understand the effects of citric acid or EDTA-Na₂ on the absorption characteristic of Pb and six nutrient elements of Lolium perenne L., the contents of Pb, N, P, K, Ca, Mg and Fe, as well as the dry weight, the root dehydrogenase activity and the membrane permeability in L. perenne with different treatments were studied. The results showed that the dry weight of L. perenne decreased, and root dehydrogenase activity and membrane permeability increased under Pb pollution, the changes in six nutrient elements contents in leaf and root varied, and Pb accumulated in both of leaf and root. Treated with low concentration of citric acid or EDTA-Na₂, there was a little influence on growth of L. perenne, and the Pb accumulation in leaf was low. However, treated with high concentration of citric acid or EDTA-Na₂, the growth of L. perenne not only showed serious inhibition, but also coursed imbalance of nutrients homeostasis, and the accumulation of Pb in leaf increased. Then, L. perenne could accumulate more Pb in leaf treated with 1 mmol L^-1 citric acid or 5 and 10 mmol L^-1 EDTA-Na₂. Therefore, it was suggested that suitable concentration of citric acid or EDTA-Na₂ could play certain role in control environment of Pb pollution.

Abstract:In order to understand the effect of phosphorus fertilizer on rice (Oryza sativa) grown in cold waterlogged paddy field, the phosphorus content, photosynthesis characters and yield were studied under four levels of phosphorus fertilizer. The results showed that the phosphorus contents in roots, stems and leaves, net photosynthetic rate of leaves treated with phosphorus fertilizer at tillering stage were higher than those of control by 10.53%-36.84%, 18.52%-37.03% and 15.17%-29.88%, respectively. At heading stage, the phosphorus contents in roots, stems and leaves, and panicles, net photosynthetic rate and soluble sugar content of leaves increased by 11.76%-23.53%, 24.13%-41.38%, 9.68%-22.58%, 13.41%-27.10% and 6.03%-22.38%, respectively, but the starch content reduced by 12.05%-41.77%. At mature stage, the phosphorus content of panicles and yield increased for 0.71%-28.57% and 4.65%-10.32%. There was regression equation between phosphorus fertilizer dosage (X) and rice yield (Y): Y=-0.0835X²+14.224X+6530.9 (r=0.94^*). The coefficients between rice yield and net photosynthetic of leaf, phosphorus content of stems and leaves at heading stage were 0.57^* and 0.77^*, respectively. Therefore, phosphorus fertilizer could improve phosphorus content of rice, net photosynthetic and soluble sugar content in leaves, reduce starch accumulation in leaves, thus improve rice yield. Heading stage was an important period for rice yield. It could be used as diagnostic reference index that the phosphorus content in stems and leaves was about 0.38%. The optimal dosage of phosphorus fertilizer is 85.17 kg hm^-2 for cold-waterlogged paddy field.

Abstract:To understand the community structure and species diversity of Symplocos sumuntia secondary forest of Bifengxia in western sichuan under human disturbances, the community structure, composition of species and species diversity character of Symplocos sumuntia community were studied. The results showed that there were 151 vascular species, belonging to 58 families and 98 genera, in 12 plots with total area of 7200 m², in which Lauraceae, Symplocaceae and Rosaceae were dominant. One-Way ANOVA analysis showed that there were not significant difference (P>0.05) in diameter class and height class of tree layer under different human disturbance. And the diameter class structure of tree layer was single peak type, its height class structure conform to inverse J-shape, which suggested strong capacity of natural regeneration. The species composition and number of dominant species in each layer were different under human disturbances. The number of dominant species in tree layer had significant difference under disturbances with in order of slight disturbance > middle disturbance > severe disturbance, while the number of species in shrub layer and herb layer was in order of middle disturbance > slight disturbance > severe disturbance. The diversity indexes, such as S, H, H', and J_sw, decreased with the increament of human disturbance, indicating a decrease of species diversity. There was negative relationship between human disturbance and species diversity in tree and herb layer, while the species diversity increased in shrub layer at middle disturbance. As a whole, these indexes were in the order of shrub layer > tree layer > herb layer.

Abstract:In order to understand the effect of re-vegetation on soil active organic carbon, the soil active organic carbon content and distribution in purple soils on sloping-land in Hengyang, Hunan Province, China were studied by using method of spatial series replace time series. The results showed that the content of soil organic carbon (SOC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), light fraction organic carbon (LFOC) and readily oxidizable carbon (ROC) were the highest at arbor and frutex stage (P<0.05), and they significantly decreased with soil depth (P<0.05). The ratio of MBC/SOC, DOC/SOC and ROC/SOC significantly increased with the process of re-vegetation (P<0.05). In 0-20 cm soil layer, LFOC/SOC significantly increased with the process of re-vegetation (P<0.05), but that was not obvious change in 20-40 cm soil layer (P>0.05). Along soil depth, LFOC/SOC significantly decreased (P<0.05), DOC/SOC, MBC/SOC and ROC/SOC gradually increased (P>0.05). There were significant positive correlation among SOC, MBC, DOC, LFOC and ROC (P<0.01). All kinds of active organic carbon pool had significant positive correlations (P<0.05 or P<0.01) with soil water content (SWC), total nitrogen (TN), alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen (AN), available phosphorus (AP), and significant negative correlations (P<0.01) with bulk density (BD). Therefore, re-vegetation could enhance at certain degree formation and accumulation of soil active organic carbon and increased soil carbon storage in purple soils on sloping-land in Hengyang.

Abstract:In order to understand the chemical constituents of Aquilaria crassna, ten compounds were isolated from its agarwood. On the basis of spectral data, they were identified as 6,8-dihydroxy-2-(2-phenylethyl)-chromone (1), 6,8-dihydroxy-2-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl) ethyl]chromone (2), rel-(1aR,2R,3R,7bS)-1a,2,3,7b-tetrahydro-2,3-dihydroxy-5-(2-phenylethyl)-7H-oxireno[f][1]benzopyran-7-one (3), rel-(1aR,2R,3R,7bS)-1a,2,3,7b-tetrahydro-2,3-dihydroxy-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-7H-oxireno[f][1]benzopyran-7-one (4), rel-(1aR,2R,3R,7bS)-1a,2,3,7b-tetrahydro-2,3-dihydroxy-5-[2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl) ethyl]-7H-oxireno[f][1]benzopyran-7-one (5), oxidoagarochromone B (6), oxidoagarochromone C (7), (5S,6R,7S,8R)-2-[2-(3'-hydroxy-4'-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrochromone (8), 6,7-cis-dihydroxy-2-(2phenylethyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrochromone (9), N-trans-feruloyltyramine (10). Compounds 1-5 and 8-11 were isolated from agarwood of A. crassna for the first time. Compounds 1, 3, 4, 6, 7 and 11 showed inhibitory activities against acetylcholinesterase. Compound 4 had weak inhibitory effect on K-562 and SGC-7901 carcinoma cell lines, and compounds 1 and 3 showed inhibitory activity against BEL-7402 cells.

Abstract:In order to understand the chemical constituents of Oxalis corymbosa DC., six compounds were isolated from 70% ethanol extract of the aerial part. On the basis of physicochemical and spectral data, they were identified as: genkwanin (1), corniculatin A (2), quercetin (3), caffeic acid (4), cinnamic acid (5), luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (6). All compounds were isolated from the aerial part for the first time.

Abstract:In order to understand the chemical constituents of Dioscorea spongiosa, eight triterpenoid saponins were obtained from 70% EtOH extract of its rhizome. On the basis of their physicochemical and spectral data, these saponins were identified as 20(S)-ginsenoside Rh₁ (1), ginsenoside Rg₁ (2), ginsenoside Re (3), notoginsenoside R₁ (4), ginsenoside Rd (5), ginsenoside Rb₁ (6), hederagenin-3-O-α-L-arabinopyranoside (7), and akebiasaponin D (8). Among them, compounds 1, 2, 3, 5 and 6 were isolated from this species for the first time, and compounds 7 and 8 were obtained from the genus Dioscorea for the first time.