Abstract:In order to understand the expression regulation mechanism of parent origin orthologous genes in the allopolyploid genome, the bisulfite sequencing PCR (BSP) method was optimized. The results showed that the methylaiton rate of BZIP17 homologous gene promoters in allotetraploid Raphanobrassica and its parents was ranged from 3.8% to 18.8%. Moreover, the expression level of BZIP17 genes in the allotetraploid and its parents were detected using quantitative real-time PCR, which summarized that the expression regulation of BZIP17 homologous genes is correlated with promoter methylation and other mechanisms. So, it was suggested that the BSP method could be applied to the methylation detection of more homologous genes, for the researches of molecular evolution patterns of allopolyploid homologous genes.

Abstract:To explore the molecular mechanisms of Ipomoea cairica invasiveness in south China, the de novo transcriptomes from I. cairica, and two related species, I. digitata and I. nil, were sequenced and assembled. There were 56551 all-unigenes obtained by assembling the reads, among them 56522 all-unigenes were annotated, including 7815, 15615, and 180201 all-unigenes in GO, COG and KEGG databases, respectively. Moreover, the activities of NR and GS in I. cairica, key enzyme in metabolic pathway for nitrogen, were greater than those in related species. In addition, the transcriptome data showed that the genes of key enzymes in secondary metabolism, such as pal, 4cl, cad, chs, and chi, had synergic differential expression in I. cairica, I. digitata and I. nil. The production synthesis from metabolic pathway could play a key role in stress-resistant, growth and allelopathy of I. cairica. The RT-qPCR verification results of key genes were similar to those from transcriptome. Therefore, the result of the present research might explain partly the successful invasiveness of I. cairica in South China at the level of molecular biology.

Abstract:To understand the relationship between phenylpropanes metabolism in tomato rootstock seedlings and their resistance to Meloidogyne incognita, highly susceptible rootstock ‘Ls-89’ and highly resistant rootstock ‘Banzhen No. 2’ were selected as materials, planted in pots and inoculated with second instar larvae. The effect of M. incognita infection on the phenylpropanes metabolism in roots and leaves of tomato rootstock seedlings was studied. The results showed that the phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activity in ‘Banzhen No. 2’ and ‘Ls-89’ roots had not significant difference without inoculation, but polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activities in ‘Banzhen No. 2’ roots, PAL and PPO activities, total phenolic, flavonoid and lignin contents in ‘Banzhen No. 2’ leaves were significantly greater than those in ‘Ls-89’. After inoculated by M. incognita, PAL and PPO activities, total phenolic and flavonoid contents in roots and leaves of two rootstocks increased cyclically, while the lignin contents gradually increased, and their increases in ‘Banzhen No. 2’ were significantly greater than those in ‘Ls-89’. In an infection cycle, the peak values of PAL and PPO activities, total phenolic and flavonoid contents in ‘Banzhen No. 2’ roots were greater than those in ‘Ls-89’ for 28.45%, 71.47%, 54.24%, 91.71%, respectively, while those in ‘Banzhen No. 2’ leaves were higher than those in ‘Ls-89’ for 47.29%, 64.00%, 23.33%, 52.61%, respectively. Therefore, phenylpropanes metabolism activities were significantly enhanced infected by M. incognita, and those in ‘Banzhen No. 2’ were significantly higher than those in ‘Ls-89’, So, it was suggested that there were close relation between the phenylpropanes metabolism in tomato rootstock seedlings and resistance to M. incognita.

Abstract:To understand the molecular mechanisms of ecological responding to terrestrial habitat in gymnosperm species, 53 representative species, belonging to four subclasses of gymnosperms, were selected to molecular evolutionary analysis based on psbA gene coding sequences. Firstly, the phylogenetic tree under geological timescale was established based on relaxed molecular clock model. Secondly, the positive selection signal among PSBA were detected by the estimated ω values by using six models, including MEC/JTT, MEC/cpREV, M5, M7, M8 and M8a. Then, the co-evolutionary network of amino acid sites within the PSBA was investigated by Bootstrap method. The results indicated that the species differentiation process from phylogenetic tree of gymnosperms along the timescale supported to previous studies. The three amino acid sites (13, 19, 243) in PSBA protein endured positive selection during the evolutionary history of gymnosperm species. Certain pairs of site within PSBA protein evolved into a co-evolutionary network. Therefore, the psbA sequences have the potential to be DNA marker during the establishment of the phylogenetic relationship of gymnosperms. The modification of PSBA protein by the site adaptation and protein intra network might be an important factor benefits the adaptive evolution of gymnosperm species against the terrestrial habitat.

Abstract:Examination of both herbarium specimens and living plants have shown that Delphinium subspathulatum W. T. Wang and D. tabatae Tamura (Ranunculaceae) are identical with D. himalayae Munz. Therefore, D. subspathulatum and D. tabatae were placed in synonymy with D. himalayae.

Abstract:Gymnostachyum sigantum (Benoist) J. B. Imlay (Acanthaceae) is reported as newly recorded species from China. The description of the species is also provided. The lectotype is designated here for the name Gymnostachyum sigantum.

Abstract:Liparis elegans Lindl. is reported as a new record from China. The detailed morphological descriptions and photos are also provided. The species is similar to L. condylobulbon Rchb. f. and L. parviflora (Blume) Lindley, but differs by having shorter ovoid pseudobulb, erect inflorescence, non-resupinate flowers, shorter ovary and pedice.

Abstract:In order to understand the causes of algae bloom in Beibu Gulf, the sequences of ribosome 18S rDNA of Phaeocystis were cloned by PCR. The results showed that the strains from Beibu Gulf had single-celled and group structures, and their sequences of ribosome 18S rDNA showed 99%-100% homology to those Phaeocystis globosa in NCBI GenBank. The strains from Beibu Gulf and Phaeocystis globosa with different origins get together in a big clade in the phylogenetic tree, the genetic distance with Phaeocystis globosa was less than that with other species of Phaeocystis. Therefore, it was confirmed for the first time that the strains of Phaeocystis in Beibu Gulf caused algal bloom belonged to Phaeocystis globosa.

Abstract:In order to explore the effects of soil water content on physiology characters of Pinus wangii seedlings, the antioxidant activities in pine needles were studied under different soil moisture. The results showed that the activities of POD, SOD, CAT were high under 40%-80% of field capacity. With prolong of time, the permeability of cell plasma membrane reduced, and stress resistance weakened. The contents of proline, soluble sugar and soluble protein were high under 20%-40% of field capacity. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content was gradually increased with the increment of soil water content for 30 d. When soil water content was 40% of field capacity, MDA content was the lowest and stress resistance of seedlings was the strongest. Therefore, the survival of seedlings could be improved under 30%-50% of field capacity, and the seedlings grown in too much soil water did not over 30 days.

Abstract:Nematode abundance, diversity and functional indices were investigated at a subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest in southern China and a temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest in central China to illustrate the effects of climate and vegetation on energy pathways and nematode diversity in soil food webs. The results showed that the biomass, indexes of MI, SI, PPI, H' and SR at 0-10 cm soil depth, and SI index at 10-20 cm soil depth in southern China were greater than those in central China. Besides, the NCR index was greater than 0.5 at a subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest in southern China, but it was less than 0.5 at a temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest in central China, indicating that bacterial energy channel dominated in the former forest ecosystem and the fungal energy channel dominated in the latter. Overall, there was a difference in nematode community between two forest ecosystems, and nematodes could be used as bio-indicators for soil nutrient status and energy channel pathway.

Abstract:To understand species diversity and distribution of benthic diatoms in typical tropical rivers, the benthic diatoms were investigated seasonally in Jianjiang River, Guangdong Province. The results showed that there were 242 benthic diatoms, belonging to 52 genera and 10 families were detected from 19 sites and 4 times sampling. Navicula, Nitzschia and Gomphonema were the main dominant genera with high frequency and relative abundance. Three diatom diversity indexes of benthic diatom, such as richness, true Shannon-Wiener diversity index, and true Simpson diversity index, showed certain spatial distribution with increasing of river class, but there was no significance in season. Community dissimilarity of benthic diatoms decreased from class 1 to class 3 but increased in class 4. Structure of benthic diatoms showed clear temporal and spatial patterns by Two-Way PERMANOVA analysis. Rarefaction curve indicated that counting with 400 individuals for each sample would underestimate richness and diversity of benthic diatoms in the tropical river. These would establish the foundation for river health monitoring and water ecological conservation of Jianjiang River system.

Abstract:In order to understand the differences of fine root morphology and biomass allocation among different provenances of Phoebe zhennan, the fine root morphology and biomass of 2.5-year-old seedlings of 13 provenances in natural distribution areas were studied by root investigation method. The results showed that the average diameter, total root length and surface area of fine roots among P. zhennan provenances were different significantly, with root order increased the average diameter of fine roots enlarged within provenances, but the difference of total root length and surface area between root orders was not obvious. Allocation of biomass enhanced as root order increased, which from 1- to 4- grade-root accounting for 6.33%, 14.47%, 25.03% and 54.17%, respectively. Through comprehensive evaluation, the root system of HT, LF, ES and WC provenances were optimized with high growth potential.

Abstract:In order to compare the main components in tuberous and fibrous roots of Ophiopogon japonicus, the effective constituents and essential oils in roots were analyzed by spectrophotometry and GC-MS. The results showed that total sugar content in root tuber was higher than that in fibrous, while the contents of flavone and soluble sugar were opposite. There were 73 volatile compounds in identified, among them 50 and 48 compounds in tuberous and fibrous roots, respectively. Twenty-five compounds, such as sabinene, camphor and guaiol, were common in both roots. The contents of β-elemene, longifolene and viridiflorol in volatile oils were high. Low-boiling point alcohols and alkene were main compositions in essential oils of Ophiopogon japonicus. The kinds and contents of compounds in fibrous root were similar to those in tuberous root, and some compounds in fibrous root were even more than those in tuberous root. Therefore, fibrous root could be used as succedaneum of tuberous root in health products, research and development of drugs.

Abstract:To further investigate the biological chemical constituents of pharmacological effects of folk medicine Heteropanax fragrans (Roxb.) Seem., eight compounds were isolated from the alcohol extract of the leaves. On the basis of spectral data, their structures were identified as: (7S,8R)-balanophonin-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), 4β,10α-aromadendranediol (2), protocatechuic acid (3), 3′-methoxy-quercetin-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (4), kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (5), quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (6), quercetin-3-O-β-D-rutinoside (7), kaempferol-3-O-β-d-rutinoside (8). All of eight compounds were obtained from this species for the first time.

Abstract:To study chemical constituents of Euptelea pleiospermum Hook. f. et Thoms, nine compounds were isolated with column chromatography and HPLC. On the basis of physicochemical properties and spectral data, their structures were identified as: platanolic acid (1), oleanolic acid (2), N-p-trans-coumaroyl tyramine (3), N-trans-feruloyltyramine (4), N-cis-feruloyltyramine (5), syringaresinol (6), N-cis-feruloyl-3-O-methyldopamin (7), N-trans-feruloyl-3-O-methyldopamin (8), 3-hydroxy-30-nor-20-oxo-28-lupanoic acid (9). All compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Abstract:To evaluate the diversity of triterpenoid in flowers of Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl., the contents of corosolic acid, ursolic acid and oleanic acid were determined by HPLC from 53 loquat germplasms. The result showed that the average contents of 3 triterpenoid compounds were 0.439% in loquat flowers, with the contents of corosolic acid, ursolic acid and oleanic acid accounting for 19.1%, 65.6% and 15.3%, respectively. The variation coefficient of corosolic acid was the greatest with 29.34%, whereas the difference in oleanic acid content was the biggest. Based on the origin, the highest variations coefficient in corosolic acid contents and oleanic acid contents were 32.56% and 34.00% from Guangdong Province, respectively, whereas that of ursolic acid was 35.01% from Yunnan province. Based on cluster analysis, the classification index was built at high, middle and low levels. The trierpenoid contents in 2 major loquat germplasms (Guifei and Changhong No. 3) were at high level. Therefore, three loquat germplasms (Guifei, Xiangzhong No. 1 and Changhong No. 3) were selected for high contents of three triterpenoids.

Abstract:介绍四本分类学书籍