Abstract:Both herbarium and field observations have shown that Delphinium pseudothibeticum W. T. Wang & M. J. Warnock described from Mo-ting (= Mao-ding) Shan, Deqen, northwestern Yunnan, China, is identical with D. ceratophorum Franch. var. brevicorniculatum W. T. Wang, and that both D. motingshanicum W. T. Wang & M. J. Warnock and D. caeruleum Jacq. ex Camb. var. crassicalcaratum W. T. Wang & M. J. Warnock, also described from Mo-ting Shan, are identical with D. beesianum W. W. Smith (D. motingshanicum is no more than a gigantic form of D. beesianum). Delphinum ceratophorum var. brevicorniculatum is currently known only from Deqen, while D. beesianum is a very common species in northwestern Yunnan. Delphinium pseudothibeticum, D. motingshanicum and D. caeruleum var. crassicalcaratum are all synonymized.

Abstract:Examination of herbarium specimens has shown that Anemone chapaensis Gagnep. (Ranunculaceae) from Vietnam is conspecific with A. howellii J. F. Jeffrey & W. W. Smith., a species mainly distributed in China. We therefore reduce A. chapaensis to synonymy of A. howellii.

Abstract:Chamaecrista absus (L.) H. S. Irwin & Barneby of Fabaceae is reported for the first time from China. The voucher specimens are deposited in Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Hainan (ATCH).

Abstract:In order to understand the fate of lost stamen and the property of labellum of Canna glauca ‘Erebus', the flower vasculature system of C. glauca ‘Erebus' was anatomically observed. The results showed that the transverse section of ‘Erebus' pedicle was oval. The bundles of the inner ring converge into 6 large bundles, which become 3 carpellary dorsal bundles (CDs) and 3 parietal bundles (PBs), respectively. At top of ovary region, three parietal bundles divide into three bundles, respectively. The outer branches of each PBs enter the corresponding petal becoming midrib. The two inner branches of adaxial PB move into function stamen. The two inner branches of the right side of abaxial PBs enter the labellum, and that of the other abaxial PBs enter the inner-whorl staminode. The left side of adaxial CD divide into 2 branches. The outer branch enters the adaxial outer-whorl staminode, and the inner branch enters function stamen. The outer branch of left side of adaxial CD enters lateral staminode. The abaxial CD divides into two branches, which one branch enters abaxial outer-whorl staminode and disappears rapidly, and the other moves into function stamen. Therefore, it is proved that the homeosis phenomenon exist in C. glauca ‘Erebus' staminode from the origin and course of floral vasculature.

Abstract:In order to induce homologous octoploid of Pogostemon cablin, the effects of colchicine on induction rate were studied by using in vitro culture. Three kinds of explants, including adventitious buds, regenerated seedlings and calli, were used as material. The results showed that the induction rate of adventitious buds treated with 0.05% colchicine for 72 hours reached 85% accounting for total buds. The chromosome number of octoploid seedlings was 2n=8x=128, the roots and stems of octoploid P. cablin were thick and strong with large and dark leaves, small leaf index, and the stomata in lower epidermis were large and low density with much chloroplasts in guard cells, the mutant seedlings had good morphological traits. Therefore, the induction method would establish basis for breeding excellent strains of P. cablin with high yield and content of active ingredients.

Abstract:In order to understand the soluble and spectral characteristics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in leaching solution of 37-year-old Pinus massoniana plantation in Sanming, Fujian Province, subtropical China, the soluble and special characteristics of DOM from fresh leaves and litter-fall in L and F layers from Pinus massoniana (PIM) and Dicranopteris dichotoma (DID) were studied. The results showed that the DOM content, including dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) and dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP), increased with fluctuation along leaching time from 3 to 24 hours. DOC content of fresh leaves of DID was significantly higher than that in PIM (P<0.01), while DON and DOP are lower. The special ultraviolet-visible absorption (SUVA) and humification index (HIX) of DOM in F layer litter of both species was significantly higher than that in fresh leaves and L layer litter, it indicated that F layer litter contained more aromatic substances and high humification degree. Synchronous fluorescence peak showed DOM contained protein-like and fulvic acid-like fiuorophore. The six kinds of samples showed five IR absorption bands in common, with the strongest absorption in all cases arising from stretching vibration of H-bonding hydroxyl groups. The infrared absorption differences between three kinds of samples in the same stand supported that the conjugated systems grown larger from the fresh leaves to L layer litter to F layer litter. Overall, the chemical structures of DOM are more complex in more decomposed samples, and the PIM contains more DON and DOP than DID. On the one hand, it provide more nutrients for microorganisms, on the other hand, it increase the difficulty of the decomposition of the substrate.

Abstract:In order to understand the reproductive strategy of red alga Caloglossa leprieurii (Montagne) J. Agardh under temperature and light stresses, the occurrence, bleeding and germination of tetraspores, carpospores of the alga cultured in laboratory were studied. The results showed that high temperature and low light intensity were in favor of tetraspores formation, bleeding and germination, however, did not under low temperature and high light intensity. The tetraspores were the most under 20℃ and 25℃, and followed by 15℃, there was not tetraspore under 10℃. The number of tetraspores released was the largest under light intensity of 36 μmol m^-2s^-1. The temperature had not obvious effects on carpospores release and germination, while low light intensity was beneficial. The growth of seedlings was inhibited under high temperature and light. The survival time of germinated seedlings was short. Therefore, reproductive strategy of C. leprieurii responded to high temperature and strong light stresses was by producing a lot of tetraspores and carpospores in proper time.

Abstract:The aim was to optimize the ultrasonic extraction method for anthocyanins from purple cabbage [Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis (L.) Makino var. communis Tsen et Lee] leaves. Under the conditions of 420 W ultrasonic power, 40% ethanol and twice extraction, the interactive effects of four crucial parameters, including pH, ratio of solid to liquid, ultrasonic time and ultrasonic temperature, were studied by central composite (Box-Behnken) and response surface methodology (RSM). The results showed that the optimum process for anthocyanin extraction was 1:16 of solid to liquid with pH 2.76 extracted at 58℃ for 12 min under 420 W ultrasonic power. Under this condition, the extract yield of anthocyanins from purple cabbage leaves reached up to 4.11 mg g^-1 DW.

Abstract:In order to understand the changes in protein components of loquat [Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl.] under high temperature and strong light stress, the responses of proteins in loquat ‘WDYDB' peels to stress were analyzed by using proteomic approaches, which fruits were sensitive to sunburn. The results showed that there were 31 protein dots with differential expression of more than two times on dimensional electrophoresis profiles, as compared between treatments of high temperature and strong light stresses and shading (Control). Among them, twenty-six differential proteins were identified by MALDI-TOF-TOF/MS analysis, including 11 down-regulated and 15 up-regulated proteins. These proteins could be divided into 4 categories according to their functions, including defense response, carbohydrate and energy metabolism, photosynthesis and other protein. The functions and roles of these proteins under high temperature and strong light stress were discussed. Therefore, it was suggested that these differential proteins could involve in responses to high temperature and strong light stresses.

Abstract:In order to understand the mechanism of drought tolerance in Kalanchoe tubiflora, some physiological and biochemical indexes in K. tubiflora leaves were determined under drought and rewatering conditions. The results showed that O₂^· production rate, and H₂O₂ and malonaldehyde ( MDA) content increased with prolonged droughts, and the contents of soluble sugar and proline, as well as SOD activity enhanced, while CAT activity reduced. All of these could restore to the level before drought under rewatering treatment. In conclusion, it was suggested that K. tubiflora tolerate drought stress by accumulation of osmoregulators, improving capacity of active oxygen scavenging, thus reducing the damage caused by oxidative stress.

Abstract:In order to establish rapid propagation system of Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis var. utilis, the anthers as explants were in vitro cultured. The results showed that the anthers should be selected from unopened buds, which stigma was slightly higher than petal, and most of microspores were at uninucleate stage. The pollen germination rate was not high, and that in autumn and winter was higher than that in summer. The callus induction medium for anthers was MS+1.0 mg L^-1 KT+1.0 mg L^-1 2,4-D+3% sugar+6 g L^-1 agar+8% coconut milk (pH=5.8). The adventitious bud differentiation medium was MS+2.0 mg L^-1 6-BA+0.5 mg L^-1 NAA+1.0 g L^-1 active carbon+2% sugar+6 g L^-1 agar or MS+2.0 mg L^-1 ZT+0.5 mg L^-1 IAA+0.5 g L^-1 AgNO₃+1.0 g L^-1 active carbon+2% sugar+6 g L^-1 agar (pH=5.8). The adventitious bud rate inducted from anthers was 36.7%, and the regeneration plantlet rate was low owing to adventitious buds browning, while the regeneration plantlet rate reached to 80% induced from cotyledon or petioles.

Abstract:In order to establish adventitious bud induction system from stem segments without axillary bud of Aristolochia debilis Sieb. et Zucc, the effects of plant growth regulators, pre-culture pattern and AgNO₃ on the induction rate were studied by using orthogonal design method. The results showed that the effects of plant growth regulators on adventitious bud reduction from stems were in the order of TDZ>6-BA>IAA, in which TDZ and 6-BA had significant influence at 0.01 and 0.05 levels, respectively. The optimum medium for adventitious bud induction was MS+0.5 mg L^-1 TDZ+0.1 mg L^-1 IAA+0.5 mg L^-1 6-BA+2.0 mg L^-1 AgNO₃+3% sucrose+0.6% agar (pH 5.8). After the explants were pre-cultured on MS+0.1 mg L^-1 2,4-D+3% sucrose+0.6% agar (pH 5.8) in dark for 2 days, and then transferred on adventitious bud induction medium, the rate of adventitious bud induction could reach to 37.5%.

Abstract:In order to understand the chemical constituents of Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng., four phenolic derivatives and five steroids were isolated from the ethanol extract of the stems and leaves of E. adenophorum. On the basis of spectral data, they were identified as 2-hydroxyphenylpropanol (1), coumarin (2), demethoxyencecalin (3), encecalin (4), 3β-acetoxy-25-hydroxydammara-20,23-diene (5), 3β-acetoxy-24-hydroxydammara-20,25-diene (6), stigmasta-4,22-dien-3-one (7), stigmasterol (8), β-daucosterol (9), respectively. Compounds 1, 2 and 5-7 were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Abstract:In order to understand the chemical constituents of Terminalia bellirica Roxb., fourteen compounds were isolated from ethyl acetate extract of the fruits of T. bellirica. On the basis of spectral data, they were identified as epipinoresinol (1), (-)-sesamin (2), methysticin (3), dihydrokawain (4), isovanillin (5), 3,4-hydroxy benzoic acid (6), gallic acid (7), methyl gallate (8), ethyl gallate (9), 3,4,8,9,10-pentahydroxydibenzo[b,d]pyran-6-one (10), polystachyol (11). Compounds 1-6, 10 and 11 were obtained from this species for the first time.

Abstract:In order to understand the chemical constituents of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.×L. latifolia Medik.) derived from different areas, the essential oils of flowers were extracted from Puyuan (PY), Xiamen (XM) and Kunming (KM) by using steam distillation method, the chemical constituents and relative contents were analyzed by GC-MS. The results showed that yield of essential oils from PY, XM and KM were 6.6%, 3.1% and 3.2%, respectively. There were 50, 59 and 44 compounds detected from PY, XM and KM, respectively, among which the contents of eucalyptol, α-bisabolol, camphor and linalool together accounted for more than 75% of the total essential oils. The main constituents had no significant difference among three regions, but their contents were quite different from each other, and the components of essential oils had differnces. Furthermore, the contents of eucalyptol, camphor and α-bisabolol had relation to altitude and average annual rainfall.