Abstract:We point out that the inclusion of east China's Jiangsu Province in the distribution of Ligularia przewalskii, a species actually occurring only in Gansu, Qinghai, Nei Mongol (Inner Mongolia), Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shanxi, and Sichuan, most likely is a result of misinterpreting "Kansu (= Gansu)" as "Kiangsu (= Jiangsu)". This inadvertent error first appeared in Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae 77(1), and was widely perpetuated in subsequent publications. Critical comments are made on some problems apparent in floristic works (particularly regional Floras at provincial level) of China.

Abstract:A new species of Carpinus L. in the Betulaceae, C. insularis N. H. Xia, K. S. Pang & Y. H. Tong, is described and illustrated. The new species is similar to C. hebestroma Yamamoto and C. polyneura Franch., but differs in its shrubby habit, 13 - 16 pairs of lateral veins of leaves, acute leaf apex, shorter mucrones of the leaf marginal teeth, fruiting bracts 8 - 14 mm long, broadly semi-ovate or semi-ovate, and nutlets sparsely resinousglandular and densely villous at apex.

Abstract:Both herbarium and field observations have shown that Delphinium yulungshanicum W. T. Wang and D. grandilimbum W. T. Wang & M. J. Warnock, both described from Yulong Shan, Lijiang, northwestern Yunnan, China, are no more than a diminutive form of D. coleopodum Hand.-Mazz., a species currently known only from Yulong Shan. We therefore reduce them to the synonymy of D. coleopodum.

Abstract:Both herbarium and field observations have shown that Delphinium angustirhombicum W. T. Wang described from Zhongdian, northwestern Yunnan, China, is not essentially different from D. bulleyanum Forrest ex Diels, a very common species in that area. We therefore reduce D. angustirhombicum to the synonymy of D. bulleyanum.

Abstract:Castanopsis gamblei Hickel et A. Camus, formerly recognized as endemic to Laos, is discovered in Dien Bien province as a new record for the flora of Vietnam. C. gamblei is similar to C. jucunda Hance, but can be distinguished from the latter by its midvein raised adaxially, secondary veins 12 - 18, cupule bracts 1 - 1.5 cm long, cupule stipitate and nuts densely appressed hairy. Based on the specimens collected from Vietnam, the description and illustration of this species are provided.

Abstract:Agapetes lobbii C. B. Clarke (Ericaceae), a species previously known only from India, Myanmar, Thailand and China, is newly recorded from Vietnam. It was found in Lai Chau Province, North Vietnam and the vouchers are kept in the herbarium of Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Hanoi, Vietnam (HN).

Abstract:In order to understand the genetic relationship of Bougainvillea germplasms, the SRAP (sequence-related amplified polymorphism) markers were firstly applied on analysis of genetic diversity and relationship among 48 Bougainvillea cultivars. The results showed that twenty-five primer pairs screened from 208 primer pairs amplified a total of 773 bands, of which 750 were polymorphic bands, and the percentage of polymorphic bands was 97.02%. The genetic similar coefficient of Bougainvillea germplasms ranged from 0.4058 to 0.8568, and UPGMA (Unweighted pair-group method arithmetic average) analysis showed that 48 cultivars could clustered into 4 groups with the genetic similarity coefficient of 0.558. However, the cultivar B. glabra ‘Formosa’ and B. spectabilis ‘Spectabilis’ were clustered into a separate cluster, respectively, the other cultivars were clustered into two groups. The genetic relationships of all cultivars examined would be made clear based on SRAP molecular markers. The results could provide scientific foundation for using germplasm resource appropriately and improving the efficiency of screening new cultivars.

Abstract:In order to understand the expression of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene from Lycium barbarum L., named as LbPAL, the cDNA of LbPAL was cloned using PCR and its expression was characterized. The results showed that the whole length of LbPAL cDNA was 2321 bp containing an open reading frame (ORF) of 2163 bp, encoding 720 amino acids. Amino acid sequence analysis indicated that LbPAL had high identity of sequence and similarly tertiary structure to PALs in other Solanaceae plants. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that LbPAL was clustered in the same clade with PALs in other Solanaceae plants. Real-time PCR analysis showed that LbPAL was highly expressed in leaves, petals and fruits at S1 stage, while few LbPAL transcripts were detected in roots and fruits at stages from S2 to S5. Under salt stress, LbPAL expression was downregulated in roots and stems, while sharply enhanced at 0.5 h and decreased hereafter in leaves. These results lay a foundation for elucidating the biosynthesis and physiological regulation of flavonoid in L. barbarum.

Abstract:In order to understand the genetic diversity of Hemarthria cultivars, the DNA fingerprints of six Hemarthia cultivars were constructed by using 8 pairs of EST-SSR primers screened from 86 pairs, and the genetic diversities among them were analyzed. The results showed that eight pairs of ESR-SSR primers totally amplified 194 bands, in which 161 bands were polymorphic bands, accounting for 83.4%. The polymorphic information content (PIC) ranged from 0.480 to 0.695, with an average of 0.602. The UPGMA analysis showed that six cultivars of Hemarthia could be divided into two groups at the similarity coefficient of 0.652, and 6 cultivars could be completely separated by eight pairs of ESR-SSR primers. Based on electrophoretogram amplified by 3 pairs primers, the standard DNA fingerprinting for 6 Hemarthia cultivars were constructed, and each cultivars had an unique fingerprint. The average Nei's genetic diversity and Shannon's information index were 0.333 and 0.496, respectively. The similarity coefficient of 6 cultivars of Hemarthia ranged from 0.399 to 0.782. Therefore, it was suggested that 6 cultivars of Hemarthia had rich genetic diversity and significant differences between species.

Abstract:In order to understand the function of PpbZIP of Pyrus pyrifolia ‘Huanghua’, PpbZIP gene was cloned from flower buds of ‘Huanghua’ based on homologous gene of bZIP. The results showed that full length of cDNA of PpbZIP (GenBank accession No.: KC951877) was 1843 bp, containing an ORF of 1227 bp and encoding 408 amino acids. PpbZIP also shared 92% homology with bZIP of Malus × domestica. QRT-PCR analysis showed that the expression of PpbZIP gene increased at initiate dormancy stage and then decreased with dormancy releasing. It was suggested that PpbZIP could involve in the regulation of bud dormancy process of ‘Huanghua’.

Abstract:In order to exploe the rapid propagation of mature Citrus reticulata Blanco ‘Kinokuni’ (Tanaka) H. H. Hu, the breeding technology by in vitro micrografting was studied. The results showed that the most suitable rootstock was bitter pomelo [C. maxima (Burm.) Merr. ‘Maxima’] seedling and the side grafting method had the highest survival. The micrografting seedlings cultured in MS medium with 1 mg L^-1 GA₃ and 75 g L^-1 sugar were at first grown in dark for 7 days, then transferred to light with 10 h d^-1, which survival cultured after 25 days reached 67.78%. The transplanting substrate had not significant influence on survival of grafting seedlings. Furthermore, there were no obvious differences between grafting seedlings and adventitious buds in morphology, as well as the isozyme expression of POD, CAT and SOD. It was suggested that the in vitro micografting technique could keep the genetic stability of grafted seedlings.

Abstract:In the process of continuing to study the chemical constituents from 70% EtOH extract of Mangifera indica leaves, eight compounds were obtained, which were identified as 5-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-2-hydroxybenzoic methyl ester (1), methyl salicylate glucoside (2), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (3), nikoenoside (4), (6R,9R)-3-oxo-α-ionol-β-D-glucopyranoside (5), byzantionoside B (6), icariside B₂ (7), and 2-ethyl-3-methyl-maleimide N-β- D-glucopyrano side (8) by the chemical and physical methods. Among them, 1, 2, and 4-7 were obtained from Mangifera genus for the first time, 8 was isolated for the species for the first time. Meanwhile, the NMR data of 1 was reported here firstly.

Abstract:The aim was to understand the chemical constituents of Ganoderma hainanense. Fourteen compounds were isolated from ethanol extract of G. hainanense. On the basis of spectral data, they were identified as: jacareubin (1), 6-deoxyjacareubin (2), 7,8-dimethylalloxazine (3), ergosterol peroxide (4), 3β,5α,9α-trihydroxyergosta-7,22- dien-6-one (5), ergosta 7,22-dien-3β-ol (6), ergosta 7,22-dien-3-one (7), 7α-methoxy-5α,6α-epoxyergosta-8(14),22- dien-3β-ol (8), ergosta-7,22-diene-3β,5α-6β-triol (9), 1H-indole-3-carboxylic acid (10), 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (11), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (12), methyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (13) and n-hexacosanoic acid (14). All the compounds were isolated from G. hainanense for the first time.

Abstract:In order to understand the chemical constituents of Clausena lansium (Lour.) Skeels, ten compounds were isolated from 95% EtOH extract of peels ofC. lansiumby silica gel and sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. On the basis of spectral data, their structures were identified as lansine (1), 3-formyl carbazole (2), 3-formyl- 6-methoxy carbazole (3), 6-methoxycarbazole-3-carboxylate (4), (6R,7E,9S)-9-hydroxy-4,7-megastigmadien- 3-one (5), umbelliferone (6), 8-hydroxyfurocoumarin (7), zeta-clausenamide (8), methyl p-hydroxycinnamate (9), and daucosterol (10). Compounds 5 and 9 were isolated from the genus Clausena for the first time, and the ¹³C NMR spectral data of compound 8 was also reported for the first time. Compounds 1, 2, 3, 6, 7 and 9 showed antibacterial activity on Staphylococcus aureus in a bioactive assay by using paper disk diffusion method. These would be helpful for exploitation of Clausena lansium.

Abstract:The chemical constituents of Aquilaria sinensis mainly include flavonoids, benzophenones, lignans, phenylpropanoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, steroids, phenolic compounds. Some of them have anti-tumor, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and laxative activities. The chemical constituents isolated from A. sinensis were reviewed, and the biological activities of some compounds were also introduced. These would provide scientific basis for development and utilization of A. sinensis.

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