Abstract:Curcin content and some seed traits of Jatropha curcas seed collected from Dry-hot Valley of Jinsha River were determined. The results showed that curcin content by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ranged from 0.275 to 3.183 mg g^-1 with average of (1.369±0.055) mg g^-1. Pearson correlation analysis indicated that curcin content had no significant correlations with some seed traits, such as seed weight, kernel weight, oil content, seedkernel rate and soluble protein content. There were a certain negative correlation between curcin content and seed weight, kernel weight and oil content, on the contrary, curcin content had a certain positive correlation with seedkernel rate and soluble protein content. It suggested that germplasm collection and breeding with high curcin content of Jatropha curcas could perform in Dry-hot valley of Jinsha River, and breed new variety with high oil and curcin contents of Jatropha curcas, so as to improve comprehensive efficiency of Jatropha curcas biofuel industry.

Abstract:The dynamic changes in several physiological indexes, such as net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), etc., in Jatropha curcas L. seedlings under different abiotic stresses were studied. The results showed that under phosphorus deficiency, Pn of J. curcas contained about 90% of control, and stomata conductance (Gs) and intercellular CO₂ concentration (Ci) increased 20%-40% and 4%-16% after 2 days, respectively, and little change in Tr. The P content decreased from 55% to 85% under phosphorus deficiency, whereas dry weight only decreased 3% after 17 days. Under nitrogen deficiency, Pn decreased to the lowest level at the 9th day, and then maintained at about 64% of control. Gs increase significantly about 15%-57% treated after 2 to 7 days, and then decreased to control. Ci rose about 4% to 24% from the 2nd day compared with the control, and there was little change in Tr. N content decreased 22% to 53% under nitrogen deficiency and plant dry weight decreased about 23% after 17 days. Under salt stress, Pn decreased to 54% of control at the 5th day, and then maintained about 48%. The changes in Gs, Ci and Tr were consistent with that in Pn. The content of P in petiole and stem increased 37%-54%, while K⁺/Na⁺ decreased 87%-96% in different tissues, and dry weight decreased 18% of control after 17 days. Under drought stress, Pn decreased rapidly to 29% at the 6th day, and the changes in Gs, Ci and Tr were consistent with that of Pn. The cell membrane permeability increased 67% at the 7th day and dry weight decreased 55% of control at the 17th day. Meanwhile, leaves became curly and pendulous, and old leaves fall off. Among all of stresses, Pn of J. curcas reached relative stable state at first under phosphorus deficiency stress, followed by salt stress and nitrogen deficiency. It suggested that the J. curcas had good adaptability to phosphorus deficiency stress, and relatively poor to nitrogen deficiency stress. The salt tolerance of J. curcas should belong to the gathered salt type, which is a type of avoiding salt damage, while the drought adaptation of J. curcas belongs to drought avoidance type.

Abstract:In order to understand the adaptation of Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. to high temperature stress, the peel antioxidant properties of loquat induced by heat injury were studied. The results showed that the threshold temperature of heat injury on loquat peel was 40℃ for 1.5 h under nature light, and the occurrence of peel heat injury related to temperature level and duration time. The light could promote the occurrence of heat injury. The heat injury degree of loquat peel was related to fruit nutrient status. The lower were Vc and Ca contents in pulp, the higher was the heat injury degree of peel. Under 40℃, superoxide anion and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in peel increased, while activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) decreased. These revealed antioxidant response mechanism of loquat peel to heat injury under high temperature stress.

Abstract:The yield stability and adaptability of twelve sugarcane lines in five locations at the sixth national regional trials were studied by using AMMI (additive main effects and multiplicative interaction) biplot method. The results showed that there were significant differences in six yield traits among genotypes and environments, so did the interaction effects between genotype and environment. FN30 and YG16 had high stem yield and sugar content with strong yield stability. However, the overall stability of the two sugarcane lines was not high, which indicated that they should be promoted in a certain region. AMMI model could clearly explain the genotype effect, environment effect and genotype-environment interaction effect on yield trait.

Abstract:A full-length cDNA sequence of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) cytosolic malate dehydrogenase (cMDH) gene, named as Sc-cMDH, was obtained from sugarcane full-length cDNA library by EST sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. The full-length of Sc-cMDH was 1314 bp with 999 bp open reading frame, encoding 332 amino acids. Sc-cMDH shared 86.5%~97.0% of amino acids with cMDH from other 9 species. Sc-cMDH contains typical NAD⁺ binding motif (T¹¹GAAGQI¹⁷) and catalytic motif (I¹⁸⁴WGNH¹⁸⁸). Real-time PCR analysis showed that the expression of Sc-cMDH was higher in leaves and roots than that in stems of sugarcane.

Abstract:EST-SSR molecular markers were developed from ESTs of Dendrocalamus latiflorus, the genetic diversity of variation types from Bambusa emeiensis was studied by using EST-SSR markers. There were 381 SSR sites locating in 331 ESTs collected from 9574 ESTs of D. latiflorus, with SSR frequency of 3.98%. There were 59 EST-SSR types, in which dinucleotide type was the most with 63.8%, followed by trinucleotide type (35.7%). Based on the EST sequences containing SSR site, forty pairs of EST-SSR primer were designed for detecting amplification efficiency, polymorphism and transferability in cultivated variation types of B. emeiensis. The results showed that 37 primer pairs, accounting for 80.43%, could amplify stable and clear bands with polymorphisms, and the length of amplified fragments mainly ranged from 100 bp to 1000 bp. Genetic distance among cultivated variation types of B. emeiensis ranged from 0.263 to 0.840 with mean of 0.552. There were close genetic distance between B. emeiensis ‘Heisunci’ and B. emeiensis ‘Qinsici’, B. emeiensis ‘Shetouci’ and B. emeiensis ‘Longtouci’, respectively, and B. emeiensis ‘Luohanci’ was far away from others.

Abstract:Based on EST sequences from an ethephon-induced latex SSH cDNA library of Hevea brasiliensis, a full-length cDNA, named as HbNAC1, was cloned from H. brasiliensis by RACE-PCR, encoding a NAC transcription factor. The full-length of HbNAC1 cDNA was 1419 bp with an open reading frame (ORF) of 930 bp, and encoding 309 amino acids. The deduced HbNAC1 with NAM domains had the typical characteristics of NAC family, and homologous to NACs in Populus trichocarpa, Ricinus communis, Oryza sativa and Arabidopsis thaliana of 79%, 80%, 57% and 60%, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed that HbNAC1 was classified into the Ⅱ subfamily of NAC family. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis indicated that the expression of HbNAC1 was rich in latex, and significantly enhanced by ethephon stimulation.

Abstract:The chalcone isomerase gene (CHI) cDNA from Brunfelsia acuminata flowers was cloned by RTPCR and RACE, with GenBank accession number JN887637. The full length cDNA of CHI was 1051 bp with an open reading frame (ORF) of 792 bp, encoding an unstable protein with 263 amino acids. CHI protein from B. acuminata flower has conserved domain belonging to chalcone superfamily. It was predicted that the secondary structure of CHI protein dominated by α-coil and β-sheet. The amino acid sequence of CHI from B. acuminata flowers had homologous to those from Petunia hybrida, Camellia nitidissima, Prunus avium, Paeonia lactiflora, P. suffruticosa, Chrysanthemum morifolium for 90%, 89%, 84%, 85%, 84% and 80%, respectively. It suggested that CHI gene related to flower color formation of B. acuminata.

Abstract:The effects of low phosphorus (P) stress on morphological indexes and biomass of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f. seedlings were studied. The results showed that the aboveground growth of seedlings was markedly inhibited under low P stress, and the underground parts had little effects, which causing increment of root-shoot ratio. The root-shoot ratio of 3-year-old seedlings was larger than that of 1-year-old seedlings under the same P level. The biomass accumulation and allocation of T. wilfordii seedlings were significantly affected by low P stress. Under low P stress, the total biomass and the biomass ratio of fine roots to total roots of 1-yearold seedlings decreased, whereas the ratios of root biomass to total biomass, and fine root biomass to total root biomass of 3-year-old seedlings increased. It suggested that 3-year-old seedlings had better adaptive mechanism to low P stress than 1-year-old seedlings, which had reference value for selection seedling age of T. wilfordii in low P woodland. There were significantly positive correlations between T. wilfordii height and length of the longest branch with the biomass, which could be used as index for selecting excellent traits of T. wilfordii to low P insistence. There was not significant effects of moderate and light P stress on root biomass accumulation of T. wilfordii, so that it was main strategy to adapt low P stress for maintain large proportion of roots.

Abstract:In order to understand invasive mechanism, the growth traits of Bidens pilosa L. and native species B. biternata Lour. under different light and water conditions were compared by pot experiment in greenhouse. The results showed that both species appeared great plasticity to various light and water environments. However, the height, total leaf area and biomass of B. pilosa under favorable conditions, and the specific leaf area and leaf area ratio under unfavorable conditions were higher than those of native species B. biternata. Meanwhile, except for leaf area ratio or leaf mass ratio, the plasticity indices of all parameters of B. pilosa were greater than those of native species. These indicated that B. pilosa had greater phenotypic plasticity and invasion adaptability, which promoted successful invasion of B. pilosa.

Abstract:Based on the field investigation and literature review, species composition, damage degree, life form, origin and invasive habitat of alien invasive plants in Nanning, Guangxi Province, were studied. The results showed that there were 72 alien invasive species belonging to 55 genera of 25 families in Nanning, in which there were 19 species in Asteraceae, 9 species in Poaceae, 6 species in Amaranthaceae, and 6 species in Solanaceae, accounting for 26.4%, 12.5%, 8.3% and 8.3% to total species, respectively. Based on occurrence frequency and population density of alien invasive plants in Nanning, 12 species had caused serious harm (eg. Alternanthera philoxeroides, Eichhornia crassipes, Lantana camara, Parthenium hysterophorus and Wedelia trilobata), 17 and 43 species had caused middle and light harm, respectively. There were 62 species, accounting for 86.1%, origin from America, and 5 species from Africa, 3 species from Mediterranean Sea and 2 species from Europe. There were 57 herb, 10 shrub, 3 tree and 2 liana species, accounting for 79.2%, 13.9%, 4.2% and 2.8%, respectively. These species often distributed in high disturbed habitats with rich resources. The invasive species in Nanning shared much common to Guangzhou, Macau and Xiamen, whereas few to Qingdao, Beijing and Shenyang. The control strategies of alien invasive plants in Nanning were summarized.

Abstract:Seed rain and seed bank distribution and seedlings regeneration status in forest gaps and understory of Castanopsis kawakamii natural forest were studied in Fujian Province. The results showed that the amount of total seeds and intact seeds in forest gaps were higher than those in understory, whereas immature seed rate in gaps was lower than that in understory. The falling seed rain at peak stage accounted for 77.13% and 74.5% of total seeds in forest gaps and understory, respectively. Seed reserve in forest gaps was lower than that in understory, which the most in seed bank were totally eaten by animals or picked up seeds in soil seed bank. The seed vertical distribution in soil seed bank was in order as litter layer (about 2/3) > humus layer (about 1/3) > subsoil layer (less than 1%), which dominated by C. kawakamii seeds. The convention rates from seed to seedlings were low in forest gaps and understory. The densities of intact seed and seedlings of C. kawakamii in forest gaps were higher than those in understory. It suggested that the microhabitat of forest gap improved the density and proportion of mature seeds in seeds dispersal and seedlings regenerated. Therefore, forest gaps play important roles in restoration of C. kawakamii population.

Abstract:One new species, Rhododendron bainaense Xiang Chen & Cheng H. Yang from Guizhou Province, China is described and illustrated. Rhododendron bainaense is most similar to R. rubiginosum from which it differs mainly by having oblong to ovate leaf blades, subequal, amber and concave scales on leaf blades abaxial surfaces, a 2.5 cm long, pale pinkish white and spotless corolla, and nearly glabrous or partly puberulent filaments, and pale brown anthers. The new species is Critically endangered (CR), based on the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, since there is only one population that includes 3 mature individuals found so far during the field work, therefore, careful protection is highly desired.

Abstract:The genus Micrococca Benth. of Euphorbiaceae is reported as newly recorded genus from China. Micrococca mercurialis (L.) Benth. was found in Hainan, China for the first time.

Abstract:Pteroceras simondianum (Gagnep.) Aver., a newly recorded species from Guangxi, China is described and illustrated. This species is similar to P. leopardinum (Par. & Rchb. f.) Seidenf. & Smitin., but differs by having distinctly wider and oblique leaves; light yellow flowers with a few crimson-purple blotches and bars; glabrous ovary; sub-spherical pollinia with a small, porous-like cleft.

Abstract:Euonymus chengii J. S. Ma var. yangxiensis Y. S. Ye & L. F. Wu (Celastraceae), var. nov., a new variety with larger leaves characterized by crenulate margins above middle, venation distinct on both surfaces and bigger capsules is described and illustrated. It is restricted to the most typical tropical ravine rainforest in Yangxi City, Guangdong Province in South China. It belongs to sect. Euonymus, a section whose capsules with emarginated apex, and resembles E. chengii J. S. Ma and E. nitidus Benth.

Abstract:An illegitimate name of Gelidocalamus Wen (Bambusoideae), Gelidocalamus auritus B. M. Yang, is reported.

Abstract:Thirteen compounds were isolated from stems of Artocarpus nitidus subsp. lingnanensis. On the basis of the spectral data, they were identified as albanin A (1), brosimone I (2), cycloartocarpin A (3), artotonkin (4), albafuran A (5), artocarpin (6), artogomezianone (7), β-amyrin acetate (8), 3,4-dihydroxylbenzaldehyde (9), 3,4-dihydroxylbenzoic acid (10), 3-methoxy-1,2-propanediol (11), β-sitosterol (12), and β-daucosterol (13). All the compounds were obtained from the plant for the first time.

Abstract:Phytochromes are the best characterized photoreceptors, which sense external environment and play an important regulation role in growth and development of plants. The molecular structure, nuclear accumulation and nuclear location of different phytochromes have been reviewed and the latest research progresses on the mechanism of nuclear accumulation were prospected.