Abstract:The China endemic species Woonyoungia septentrionalis community structure was investiged at Dahuangni, Luocheng County, Guangxi Province.The results showed that there were 129 vascular plants belonging to 57 families and 103 genera in plots of 1 200 m2, which dominated by Tropical genera. The community could be named as Woonyoungia septentrionalis  Gomphandra tetrandra  Castanopsis hickelii Community according to species importance value. The community could be vertically divided into three layers: tree layer (including 3 sublayers), shrub layer and herb layer, and interlayer species were rich. The mesophanerophytes and microphanerophytes made up 67.18% in life form, and the mesophyll and microphyll were dominate. The frequency distribution from the Raunkiaer was A＞B＞C＜D＞E, accounted for 41.09% in class A. The structure of Woonyoungia septentrionalis populations indicated that young trees were the main component of the community. Woonyoungia septentrionalis is a critically endangered species which must be protected by in-situ conservation，and establishment nature reserve as soon as possible.

Abstract:The floristic similarities and differences of karst nature forests between Libo and Kaiyang, at Guizhou Province in subtropical zone, China, were studied based on field investigation and typical plots. The results showed that there are 827 species belonging to 408 genera and 146 families in Libo, and 838 species belonging to 434 genera and 150 families in Kaiyang, with 200 common species belonging to 227 genera and 118 families. The families and species percentage at family level were left-normal distributions, and the genera percentage at genus level was hyperbola distribution but species percentage was left-normal distribution. The differences in composition of families, genera and species in both areas indicated their heterogeneity of ecological condition and forest origination. The areal-type at genera level showed a left-normal change, and common genera for a hyperbola change, which the number of Tropical genera was more than that of Temperate. Due to the difference in latitude and altitude, the number of Tropical genera in Libo and that of Temperate genera in Kaiyang were higher. The ratio of species to families and species to genera in different areas were lower than those in Guizhou Province and China. Percentage of mono-specie families and mono-specie genera expressed oppositely trend. All these showed the ancient and solitary of karst nature forest floras.

Abstract:To describe the differentiation characteristics of a 50-year-established Metasequoia glyptostroboides plantation, we examined its size structure, spatial pattern and growth process. Small-size individuals accounted for the majority (>50.4%). To some extent, self-thinning had occurred, as a result of high differentiation of tree height and volume. Tree-status classification structure based on TSTRAT stratification algorithm demonstrated that co-dominant trees represented an overwhelming portion (45.7%) and formed the general canopy of the stand. Value of competition index was the lowest for dominant class, successively followed by co-dominant, intermediate and suppressed class. Gini coefficient value of each class was basically inferior to that of the whole stand. Both in absolute and relative rates, dominant trees grew faster than standard trees before stand maturation. Furthermore, fast-growth stage of DBH for the former lasted longer than that for the latter. At stand level, DBH growth was more seriously restricted than height growth. The general pattern of all stems remained uniform, the same as onset of the plantation. However, occurrence of divergent tree-classes was spatially heterogeneous, with dominant and suppressed class being aggregated, intermediate and dead class randomly scattered, and co-dominant class intervened between randomness and aggregation. Our results suggested that differentiation of tree population was reflected not only in size inequality but also in heterogeneity of spatial configuration. Current stand structure might attribute to intraspecific competition induced by high density.

Abstract:Tree health in Songshan Park, Macao was evaluated in terms of tree disease, pest and liana destroy using transect sampling method, which six transects and 900 trees were investigated. The results showed that two thirds of the transects and about 18.9% trees were under unhealthy status. The 32 unhealthy species belong to 20 families, 23 genus. It indicated that the trees in this Park were in relatively lower healthy status. Some suggestions were given, including find out pathogenesis of tree pests, cut off the diffusion route; control invasive plants and native harmful plants; reconstruct landscape and restore vegetation to build the healthy community; establish the warning mechanism for long-term monitor of tree health dynamics.

Abstract:The characteristics of fungshui woods Pygeum topengii-Endospermum chinense community in Fenggang Town, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province were studied. The results showed that the P. topengii-E. chinense community belonged to a representative restoration type of the lowland evergreen broad-leaved forest in southern subtropical China. It was found that there were 64 species of vascular plants belonging to 56 genera and 39 families in 20 plots of 2 000 m2, and the floristic components are dominated by Tropical and Subtropical types (94% of the total genera). P. topengii, E. chinense, Aporosa dioica, Machilus chekiangensis and Microdesmis caseariifolia are the dominant tree species. The physiognomy of the community was evergreen, and the life form was dominated by phanerophytes (67.19%). Vertical stratification of community is conspicuous, and can be divided into tree layer, shrub layer, herb layer and liana and epiphyte layer. The species diversity of the community is relatively high with the Margalef richness index of 6.8354, the Shannon diversity index of 3.8874, and the Pielou evenness index of 0.6479. The diversity pattern of Shannon diversity index in order of tree layer > shrub layer > liana > epiphyte layer > herb layer. The age structure, spatial distribution pattern and interspecific covariation of 10 dominant tree populations in P. topengii-E. chinense community were analyzed, it indicated that there was a change trend in the distribution pattern of dominant tree populations from aggregation to random during the stage of progressive succession. Moreover, the interspecific correlation relationship tended towards weakening among the dominant tree populations.

Abstract:The effects of ethylene on some physiological characteristics of maize (Zea mays L.) ‘Zhengdan 958’ cultured in pot at rehydration after drought stress were studied. The results showed that the biomass, relative water content, contents of chlorophyll and soluble protein, activities of nitrate reductase (NR) and glutamine synthetase (GS) in leaves enhanced treated with ethephon before rehydration, while the biomass, relative water content, soluble protein content, activities of NR and GS in seedlings reduced treated with AgNO3 significantly. After rehydration, the biomass, contents of chlorophyll and soluble protein in seedlings treated with ethephon were significantly higher than that of control treatment, while relative water content, NR and GS activities were closer to control treatment. But the biomass, soluble protein content decreased treated by AgNO3, and there were little effects on relative water content, NR and GS activities. So, spraying ethephon could promote maize seedlings resistant to drought.

Abstract:The effects of ultraviolet B (UV-B) radiation on the phenylpropanoid compounds in common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) herb were studied by HPLC method. The results showed that not only the contents of flavonoid compounds, such as rutin and quercetin, were significantly increased, but also those of phenolic compounds, eg. ferulic acid and P-coumaric acid, were markedly enhanced. The enhancements of two kinds of compounds provided important protection against UV-B injury in buckwheat herbs.

Abstract:Eight compounds were isolated from the herb of Excoecaria cochinchinensis Lour. by using chromatography technique. On the basis of spectral data, they were identified as betulinic acid (1), gallic acid (2), p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (3), β-sitosterol (4), daucosterol (5), stigmasterol (6), palmitinic acid (7)、stigmastane-3, 6-diol (8). Compounds 1~8 were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Abstract:Nine compounds were isolated from the Periploca forrestii Schltr. by chromatographic techniques. On the basis of physico-chemical properties and spectral data, they were identified as α-amyrin (Ⅰ), α-amyrin acetate (Ⅱ), 27-hydroxy-α-amyrin (Ⅲ), β-amyrin (Ⅳ), β-amyrin acetate (Ⅴ), ursolic acid (Ⅵ), β-sitosterol (Ⅶ), dauricine (Ⅷ), emodin (Ⅸ). Compounds Ⅰ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ, Ⅴ were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Abstract:The spores of Adiantum malesianum Chatak were cultured in 1/2MS medium. The spore germination and gametophyte development were observed by light microscope. The results showed that the mature spores were brown-red, opaque, tetrahedral type, actinomorphous, trilete. The spores germinated about six days after sowing. The spore germination belonged to the Osmunda-type, while the gametophyte development was of the Adiantum-type. The prothallial plates formed about 25 days after sowing. The mature cordate prothallus developed 50 days after sowing, gymnotremoid without trichomes. The sexual organs appeared 60 days after sowing, hermaphroditic. The antheridium was prolate spheroidal, consisting of three cells. Archegonial neck was usually composed of four rows of cells and three to five cells high at maturity.

Abstract:The leaf anatomical changes of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza seedling under gradient salinities were observed, and the effects of salt stress on plant growth were analysed. The hypocotyl of B. gymnorrhiza could germinated under the salinities from 0‰ to 50‰. However, the plant height, fresh weight and leaf area had negative correlation with salinities. With increment of salinity, the thickness of upper and lower cuticle, upper and lower epidermis, and the densities of tannin cell increased, but the thickness of upper and lower endodermis, the intercellular spaces of spongy tissue of leaves decreased. The thickness of palisade tissue decreased, and that of spongy tissue had no relation with salinity, the ratio of the thickness of palisade tissue to spongy tissue decreased with increasing salinity. With increasing of salinity, there were no obvious difference in quantity and shape of chloroplast under SEM, but their location in palisade cells occurred change. All these changes made seedlings photosynthesis inhibited and growth stunted.

Abstract:Rorippa amphibia (L.) Besser originates in most part of the Europe. It was also distributed in Caucasia, Middle Asia, North Africa and North America, even in New Zealand. Recently it was found in Dalian, Northeast China, mainly distribute in lawn of the city. The species was mainly exported from Canada and United States, so it is easily inferred that Rorippa amphibia (L.) Besser was incidental from that area. In addition, the taxonomic characters and latentmenace of the species were introduced. Voucher specimens are preserved in Dalian Natural Musem (DNHM).

Abstract:A new variety, Pycreus polystachyos (Rottb.) P. Beauv. var. brevispiculatus How ex Y. F. Deng, is validly published here. It differs from var. polystachyos in its culms 8~15 cm tall, anthela rays abbreviated or nearly absent, spikelets many, congested into nearly a head, 4~7 mm, 6~14-flowered, scales brown or yellowish-brown.

Abstract:A confused taxon of Orchidaceae, Eria cristata Rolfe is discussed based on the examination of living plants and protologue. This species is characterized by white sepals and petals, yellow lip, with the disc and margins of the lateral lobes slightly darker; three lip crests, covered with yellow hairs, and it can be easily distinguished from its relatives.

Abstract:Genetic diversity of 24 geographic provenances of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) was analysed by ISSR (Inter-simple sequence repeat) markers. Twenty-two primers were screened from 100 ISSR primers. 188 DNA bands were amplified from 24 provenances of Chinese fir, 173 bands of which belonged to polymorphic bands, account for 92.0％. The effective number of alleles (Ne) was 1.3408，Nei’s index of genetic diversity was 0.2154 and Shannon’s index of polymorphic information was 0.3458. It indicated that the different geographic provenances of Chinese fir had higher genetic diversity. Twenty-four provenances of Chinese fir were divided into five groups by UPGMA cluster analysis: Eastern Area Ecotype in Middle Zone, Southeastern Area Ecotype in Middle Zone, Middle Area Ecotype in Middle Zone, Southern Zone Ecotype, Northern Zone Ecotype. This showed that the genetic distances of different geographic provenances of Chinese fir present regular geographical distribution.

Abstract:The two methods for extracting high quality total RNA from the leaves of Citrus reticulata Banco were compared by using RNAplant Reagent (Beijing Tiangen Corporation) and RNAiso Reagent (Japanese TaKaRa Corporation), respectively. The results showed that two bands of 28S and 18S rRNA were distincted by agarose gel electrophoresis with RNAiso Reagent, which the values of A 260/A280 and A260/A230 were 1.820 and 2.088, respectively, and the yield reached 2.840 μg μl-1. At the same time, a citrus house keeping gene β-actin fragment, the 228 bp sequence was successfully cloned by RT-PCR. Otherwise, with RNAplant Reagent, the two RNA bands of 28S and 18S were dim, and the values of A260/A280 and A 260/A230 were 1.464 and 1.603, respectively, the yield of RNA was only 2.020 μg μl-1, which was lower than the standard. Therefore, the RNAiso Reagent was a better method for extracting RNA of Citrus in purity and quality, it could accord with the requirements of subsequent molecular biology reaction, such as Northern hybridization, cDNA libhrary construction and RT-PCR.

Abstract:Ornithophily in the Chinese flora was reviewed. Literatures concerning floral visiting birds and ornithophilous (including potential) plant genera were evaluated; areal types and floral traits of the plant genera with confirmed ornithophily in China or elsewhere were also analyzed. Almost all the flower-visiting birds in China are Passeriformes. Ornithophily was found in more than 30 angiosperm families in China, which has been largely ignored. The floral characters of the ornithophilous plants in China were mostly generalized to adapt to non-nectarivorous birds. Although most of the ornithophilous genera are tropical components of the Chinese flora, there are several temperate elements of which the diversity centres are in China, such as the genus Rhododendron. Combined with phylogenetic reconstruction of the plant groups, and studies on ornithophily in these taxa, it is possible to elucidate the emergence and evolution of the bird-flower coevolution in the Old World.

Abstract:Casuarinaceae is pioneer plant in tropical and subtropical areas in the World. It can adapt to various bad environments due to formation of nitrogen fixation nodule by symbiosis with actinomyces Frankia. The advances in studies on symbiotic genetic transformation of Casuarinaceae was reviewed, and the prospect in the future study were discussed.