Abstract:Through the observation of the flowering sequences and gender of the inflorescence of Jatropha curcas L., the result shows that gender of apical flower has close correlation to flowering time, and also with the gender of other flowers on the same inflorescence. If the apical flower opened on the first day, the possibility of being female flowers is only 23.2%. But if the apical flower opened after the second day, the possibility would be over 85%. Meanwhile, if the apical flower was female, the possibility of inflorescences having other female flowers is 80%. But if the apical flower was male, the inflorescence will have no more female flowers. Understanding of flowering behavior and sex determination mechanism of Jatropha curcus is vital for manigulating gender expression, productivity improving, and breeding of new high productivity variety.

Abstract:Camellia nitidissima is one of endangered plants in China. Its flowering phenology and reproductive modules features of ex situ conservation in Guilin were investigated. The results showed that flowering process could be divided into four stages, such as loosing, opening, blooming and falling. The single flower life ranged from 2 to 8 days. The average blooming period of individuals was 37 days. The initial time of flowering in individuals showed great variability about more than two months. The initial time of flowering in population was in early January, and reached peak at early March, its blooming period lasted nearly 3 months. The number of reproductive modules related to plant diameter class and the layer of crown. The number of flowers and reproductive branches, ratio of reproductive branch of plant diameter > 6 cm were significantly higher than those of plant diameter < 4 cm and 4~6 cm, but no significant difference in flower number per reproductive branch. In different crown layers, the middle and lower layer were significantly higher than upper layer in number of reproductive branches and reproductive branch ratio, however, flower number per reproductive branch in upper layer was the biggest, and the number of flowers showed no significant difference. The abortive rate at bud stage, flowering stage, fruit stage were 16.33%, 63.05% and 44.09%, respectively, and they were differences among different plant diameter classes and crown layers. The high abortive rate lead to low setting and seed yield, it is one of reasons to make C. nitidissima endangered. Number of flowers was positively correlated with blooming period and initial time of flower was negatively correlated with blooming period and fruit setting.

Abstract:The spores of the Drynaria roosii Nakaike were cultured in inorganic medium and soil respectively. The spore germination and the gametophyte development were observed by microscope. The results indicate that the spores are yellowish, monolete, without perispore and bearing granular ornamentation on the exospore. They are bean-shaped in equatorial view and elliptical in polar view. The spores germinate within 10~12 days after inoculation, the type of germination is Vittaria-type while that of gametophyte development is Drynaria-type. The prothallial plates form in 20 days after inoculation and the establishment of apical cell is later than that. After the formation of the prothallial plate, profuse unicellular hairs occur on both the surfaces and margin of the prothalli. The young prothalli develop in 60 days after inoculation and the mature prothalli are cordate-thalloid. The sex organs are formed in 65 days after inoculation. The antheridia appear about 10 days earlier than archegonia. Archegonial neck usually inclines or curves towards the base of the prothallus at maturity. It can be observed that the embryos break through the archegonia after fertilization.

Abstract:The formation of scorpioid cyme, capitulum and floret of Flaveria bidentis (L.) Kuntze was observed under scanning electron microscopy. The inflorescence of F. bidentis was composed of the main axis with three orders branches in a decussate arrangement. Scorpioid cymes (3~6) were developed at the apex of the main inflorescence axis as well as lateral axes. Each scorpioid cyme had 5~15 capitulums which was consist of 4~11 florets. For the floral development process, five petal primordia arose firstly, then five stamen primordia appeared, followed by two carpel primordia. In 2007, florescence of F. bidentis was from late July to late September in Tianjin. In Mid July, the inflorescence primordia and floret primordia were formed and differentiated continually, and approximately 15 days after the initiation of flower bud differentiation, individual floret was well formed.

Abstract:The meiosis and male gametophyte development of Dioscorea parviflora were studied using squash preparation. The results showed that there were four types of chromosome configuration at the metaphase II, such as parallel-type, triangle-type, vertical-type (one plate) and vertical-type (two plate). The microspores in tetrad stage showed three arrangements, such as isobilateral tetrad, decussate tetrad, and tetrahedral tetrad. The male gametophyte development of D. parviflora could be divided into 5 stages, including unicleate central-located stage, unicleate side-located stage, late-unicleate stage, pre-bicleate stage, and bicleate stage. Cytokinesis of microspore mother cells during meiosis was simultaneous type, and pollen grains were 2-cell, it suggested that the Dioscoreaceae was rather primitive in Angiosperm. The diversity of chromosome configurations at the metaphase II had no relationship with the formation of 2n gametes.

Abstract:The genus Oryza is agriculturally important. It includes more than 20 species, 3 of which differ particularly from the others. O. eichingeri is thought to distribute in both Asia and Africa disjunct, while the species O. officinalis and O. punctata have been confirmed to have both diploidy and tetraploidy. Abaxial epidermal characters of mature leaves in the 3 species were investigated under both light microscope (LM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) to identify intraspecies micromorphological difference. Inconstant shape of the papillaes on the intercostal long cells within O. eichingeri was found. thane经受和 the nodular papillaes distributing on the leaf epidermis of Sri Lanka geographical race of the species, the elongate papillaes were also observed in Uganda race. Similarly, interspecies diversity existed in O. officinalis and O. punctata, especially among their different ploidies. In contrast to the granular shape papillaes around the stomata and less density of trichoma on costal zones in tetraploidies of O. officinalis, the triangle and overarching shape papillaes, and denser trachoma were observed in diploidies. Meanwhile, comparing with their tetraploid counterparts, the smallpapillaes on the intercostal long cells and low density of stoma were otherwise found in diploidies of O. punctata. These stable differences on abaxial epidermis of leaves could provide new evidences for recognition of the three species and identification of intraspecies taxa.

Abstract:Anatomical structure of adhesive disc of three species of Parthenocissus were observed by using paraffin slice method. The results showed that the characters of adhesive disc, including the parts of adhesive disc enlargement, absorption model, tendril length and stipule, could be used as taxonomy basis for Parthenocissus. Adhesive disc of all the three species was composed of epidermis, cortex, and vascular cylinder, the anticlinal wall of epidermal cells without adhesion in adhesive disc was thickened, and the cells of adhesive disc had stratum corneum. Adhesive disc enlargement mainly was caused by vascular cylinder enlargment, not by epidermis cells. There were many crystals in cells of cortical layer without adhesion. Vascular cylinder of adhesive disc turned into vascular bundles while adhesive disc enlarged, and the active stage of vascular cambium was short. The adhesive disc of the three species of Parthenocissus was composed of several layers of finger cells developed from the epidermis cells and cortical cells dedifferentiation.

Abstract:The genetic diversity of 41 sugarcane varieties bred in Guangdong Province was studied using 15 AFLP primer pairs. The results showed that the average polymorphic loci per primer pair were 61.5, and the percentage of polymorphism loci was 77.40%. The genetic similarity indexes of 41 varieties ranged from 0.5210 to 0.9211, with an average of 0.6842, which implied that the genetic diversity among the varieties was at middle level. The 41 varieties were clustered into two groups. Most of the varieties with close relationship in family-tree could be clustered into the same groups, such as YN81-762, YN85-1285 and YN86-295, as well as YT57-423, YT85-5 and YT85-177, but some varieties could not, such as YT83-251and YT83-271 which derived from the same cross “CP72-1210×Huanan 56-12”. The varieties selected at different periods showed remarkable differences in genetic diversity index (GDI). The varieties selected in 1980s were found to be the highest (GDI=0.3072), and the 1960s the lowest (GDI=0.1162). GDI of varieties from different Institutes revealed a little bit difference, but still kept in unremarkable level (from 0.2756 to 0.3061). The result indicated the genetic diversity would be increased by using new sources from sugarcane germplasm.

Abstract:The promoter SAR by combining mini-35S promoter (-62 to +1) and several pathogen responsive cis-acting elements derived from defense genes in plant was synthesized, and the expression pattern of these synthetic promoters was studied by using report gene GUS (β-glucuronidase) transformed into Arabidopsis. The results showed that synthetic promoter SAR could make GUS predominant expression in cotyledon, trichome, rhizome conjoit region, root system and old leaves, and the expression in old leaves was higher than that in young leaves. It suggested that SAR promoter had tissue and development specific expression.

Abstract:Small reservoirs play an important role in both of city and country drinking water supply in the South China. To understand the phytoplankton community dynamics in these small reservoirs, three pumped storage reservoirs and three non-pumped storage reservoirs were investigated in April, August and December, 2006, respectively. 67 and 56 taxa in total were identified in the pumped and the non-pumped storage reservoirs, respectively. Pseudanabaena sp.、Limnothrix redekei、Cylindrospermopsis rackiborskii only appeared in the pumped storage reservoirs, while Cosmarium sp. only occurred in the non-pumped storage reservoirs. Cells abundance and biomass in the pumped storage reservoirs were higher than those in the non-pumped storage reservoirs. The abundance of phytoplankton ranged from 1.25×105 cell L-1 to 4.38×106 cells L-1 in the pumped storage reservoirs, was mainly dominated by cyanobacteria and small cellular chlorococcacean, while the abundance of phytoplankton ranged from 7.1×104 cells L-1 to 4.61×106 cells L-1in the non-pumped storage reservoirs, and dominated by Cosmarium sp.. The biomass of phytoplankton ranged from 2.3 mg L-1 to 8.8 mg L-1 in the pumped storage reservoirs, and from 1.3 mg L-1 to 5.6 mg L-1 in the non-pumped storage reservoirs. The dominant species were seasonally replaced in the pumped storage reservoirs, while those were seasonally constant in the non-pumped storage reservoirs. Water pumped into reservoir made the nutrient distribution and hydrologic processes change, which was a key factor for a significant difference in the structure and dynamics of phytoplankton community between the pumped storage reservoirs and non-pumped storage reservoirs.

Abstract:Characteristics of the individual ecological field gradient of the endangered plant Alsophila spinulosa was studied by constructing the individual ecological field gradient model. With the increment of the distances to field source plants, the individual ecological field gradients of Alsophila spinulosa increased gradually at first to the maximal values, then decreased gradually and converged at zero at last. The varying form fitted Rayleigh distribution. Variances were found among the varying amplitudes of the individual ecological field gradients of Alsophila spinulosa in different sites. The maximal gradient values and effect distances of the maximal gradients also varied. With the increment of effect distances, the convergent velocities of field gradients were different.

Abstract:The acute toxicities of P. globosa on Artemia sinica, Brachionus plicatilis, Moina mongolia, Epinephelus akaara and Penaeus vannamei were studied using the method of semi-static water, and the poisoning route were discussed. P. globosa had different toxicity on the five aquatic animals. The survival of B. plicatilis decreased significantly (P<0.05) in algal culture, re-suspension and hemolytic toxins extraction of P. globosa for 72 h, whereas only motility of A. sinica was slightly inhibited by algal culture and re-suspension. Many algal cells in the alimentary canal of A. sinica and B. plicatilis, it suggested P. globosa cell could be fed by them. The algal culture, cell-free medium and cell contents had remarkable effects on the survival of larval E. akaara, but not cell fragments and hemolytic toxins extract of P. globosa, which implied that harmful substances were not attached to the algal cell surface, but inside the algal cell, and that P. globosa could excrete other harmful substances than hemolytic toxins into water to imperil surrounding organisms. After exposured in algal culture, re-suspended cells, filtrate and hemolytic toxins from P. globosa for 72 h, respectively, motilities of M. mongolia were all slightly different from the control though some M. mongolia died during the course. The P. vannamei, exposured in components from P. globosa algal culture for 72 h, were similar to M. mongolia. These suggested that P. globosa had few negative impacts on the survival of M. mongolia and P. vannamei. In conclusion, P. globosa had different effects on various aquatic animals by being ingested or excreting harmful materials into the water.

Abstract:Five phenolic compounds were isolated from ethanol extraction of fruits of Areca catechu. On the basis of spectroscopic evidence (NMR, MS, etc) and spectral data, they were identified as isorhamnetin (1), chrysoeriol (2), luteolin (3), (±)-4′,5-dihydroxy-3′,5′,7- trimethoxyflavonone (4), and jacareubin (5). All the compounds were isolated from Areca for the first time. Anti-bacterial activities showed that compound 5 had significant inhibitory effect on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Staphylococcus aureus.

Abstract:Seven phenolic metabolites were isolated from the solid culture of Ampelomyces SC0307, obtained from Dinghu Mountain. On the basis of their spectral data analysis, they were identified as 2,5-dihydroxybenzyl alcohol (1), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (2), 2,5-dihydroxy-benzoic acid (3), 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (4), phenylacetic acid (5), 3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid (6), and 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamic acid (7). All compounds were isolated from this fungus for the first time.

Abstract:Eigth compounds were isolated from the ethanol extraction of Cassia mimosoides Linn. using by menthod of silica gel column and chromatograghy separation. On the basis of spectral data, they were identified as emodin (1), luteolin (2), 1,3-benzenediol (3), oleanolic acid (4), (R)-artabotriol (5), α-L-rhamnose (6), β-sitosterol (7) and daucosterol (8). All compounds except 1 were isolated from this plant for the first time, and compound 5 was obtained from Leguminosae for the first time.

Abstract:Ardisia argenticaulis Y. P. Yang was reduced to synonym of A. cymosa Blume, and the status of the subgenus Chinensia (Nakai) Yang was discussed.

Abstract:The distribution of the Chinese endemic species Sagittaria lichuanensis (Alismataceae) has been reported in Guangdong, Fujian, Jiangxi, and Hubei Provinces. In a recent field investigation, a new population was found in Pingba County of Guizhou Province. The morphological and population characters of the new population were described, and the habitat and the distribution patterns of this population were compared with the other populations recorded previously. The new distribution of S. lichuanensis in Guizhou provided a good example for studying its geographic distribution pattern and the evolutionary history, and the special reproductive strategies at different distribution environments.

Abstract:The genus Limosella L.(Scrophulariaceae) and the species L. aquatica L. were reported as new records for Anhui Province, China.

Abstract:Two new taxa and two newly recorded species of the Paraphlomis from Guangxi, China are reported. The two new taxa are P. javanica (Blume) Prain var. pteropoda D. Fang & K. J. Yan and P. javanica (Blume) Prain var. angustifolia (C. Y. Wu) C. Y. Wu & H. W. Li f. albinervia D. Fang & K. J. Yan. The two newly recorded species are P. hispida C. Y. Wu and P. subcoriacea C. Y. Wu ex H. W. Li.

Abstract:The major postharvest diseases of mango & banana include anthracnose, stem end rot, crown rot, black rot, banana black spot etc. Biocontrol plays an important role in control of postharvest disease. The advances in biocontrol of postharvest disease in mango & banana were reviewed, including elicitors, plant extracts, antagonistic microorganisms and so on.

Abstract:The biological and ecological characteristics and ex-situ conservation technique of Aquilaria sinensis were reviewed, as well as the formation mechanism, production, havesting, processing and classification of Agarwood. The development and utilization values of A. sinensis, such as aspects of medicine, landscaping, essence oil, were discussed. A sinensis is a local tree species, it has high economical and ornamental value characterized by strong adaptability, simple propagation, easily cultivation, and less diseases and insect pests. So ex-situ conservation of A. sinensis is important, and it is suitable for extension and cultivation.