Abstract:A population field survey of rare and endangered plant species was conducted in north and northeast Guangdong Province, China from 2000 to 2007. Locations and distributions of the rare, endangered and state key protected plants in the regions were studied by confirmation in the field and plot methods. In total, 48 species, belonging to 31 families and 40 genera were found in the regions including 15 counties or cities. Population characteristics, such as size, plant height and diameter breast height (DBH) structures and living habitats of 7 species with concentrated distribution patterns or identified in new distribution areas were studied in details. Population of Cycas fairylakea in new recorded area of Pingyuan County represented 10 individuals. Bretschneidera sinensis population found in Lianzhou City was represented by 160 individuals, most being seedlings. Cephalataxus oliveri population in Renhua County was represented by 300 individuals. 100 individuals of Semiliquidambar cathayensis were found in Pingyuan County. Zenia insignis which was first recorded in Qingxin County and Shixing County had a population of more than 1 000 individuals. Brainea insignis recorded in Heping County, Heyuan City, and Jiaoling County, had a total population of more than 100 individuals. Fifty-seven individuals of Tapiscia sinensis were recorded in Shixing County. Conservation strategies for these rare and endangered plant were provided based on an analysis of endangered status and other factors.

Abstract:The spatial distribution patterns of community biomass and number of individual, and the distribution pattern of dominant populations responsed to road under different sampling scales were studied in pine and broad-leaved mixed forest along the road in Dinghushan Nature Reserve, Guangdong Province. Sample plots were arranged along transects vertical or parallel to road. The results showed that there were no significant difference in community biomass among the sampling scales along parallel direction of road (P>0.05), while significant increase in number of individuals among sampling scale were detected (P<0.05). On the sampling scale of 20 m, the road effects on different dominant populations were demonstrated in their spatial distribution patterns. There were significant increases in the biomass of Schima superba population, the number of individuals and biomass of Litsea rotundifolia population (P<0.05) along the parallel direction to road, respectively, while those of other populations had no significant difference.

Abstract:The mean diameter, mean basal area of individual and total basal area of stands were collected as the indices for studying the relationship between the number of trees and the size. Based on the famous -3/2 power rule, the equations were established on the relationship between density of stand and the mean diameter, mean basal area of individual and total basal area of stands in the process of the self-thinning of Pinus taiwanensis natural forest. The results showed that the population density of P. taiwanensis natural forest had significant effect on the mean diameter, mean basal area of individual and total basal area of stand. Therefore attention should be paid to control stand density in the management of P. taiwanensis natural forest.

Abstract:The impacts of climate change on water consumption of dominant plants were evaluated in the mudstone area in southwestern Taiwan by using General Circulation Model. The results showed that the water consumption of the three dominant plants, eg. Bambusa stenostachya, Swietenia macrophylla and Cassia siamea, in the mudstone area increased significantly under simulated climate change. The Thorny bamboo (B. stenostachya) consumed more water than Honduras mahogany (S. macrophylla) and Siamese senna (C. siamea). Obviously, Thorny bamboo has important impact for soil water resources in the mudstone area during drought period.

Abstract:A suppression subtractive hybridization library of Citrus grandis var. shatinyu Hort was constructed by using the cDNA of self-pollinated styles as the tester and cross-pollinated styles as the driver. In the constructed library, the rate of recombination was more than 95% and the size of inserts ranged from 100 bp to 500 bp. After the partial clones of the library were sequenced and compared with homologous sequences in GenBank Database, some genes related with self-incompatibility were obtained, such as S1, S9-RNase and kinase.

Abstract:Human lactoferrin (hLF) is a member of non-specific immune system, it plays many roles, such as resistances against bacteria, fungi and viruses, etc. In this paper, hLF cDNA directed by the tuber specific promoter of class I patatin gene of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) were transferred into potato mediated by Agrobacterium tumefiens transformation. hLF transgenic potato plants were confirmed by PCR detection, further RT-PCR showed that hLF RNAs were expressed in transgenic plants. hLF activities were detected by ELISA and Western blot analysis in hLF transgenic potato tubers.

Abstract:Superoxide dismutase (SOD) extracted from mungbean (Phaseolus radiatus L.) seeds was entrapped with glycerin of various concentrations under various treatment conditions, then their stabilities were estimated. The results showed that the stability of SOD under hot stress, as well as, extreme acidic or alkaline stress was enhanced by glycerin entrapment. The concentration of glycerin was regarded as an essential factor for SOD stability, the optimum glycerin concentration was 12.5%～25%. It was demonstrated that 10℃, pH 6.8 and 1 000 r min-1 of mix round was the optimum condition to improve the SOD stability under hot stress, the half life of glycerin entrapment SOD in hot stress at 50 ℃ was 25.1 d, which was 5 times of the natural SOD not glycerin entrapment. Entrapment at pH 3.8 was more effective to improve the endurance of SOD in acidic stress，whereas, pH 8.9 was more resultful to enhance the stability in alkaline stress. Adding of Zn2+、Cu2+、Fe2+ was favor to enhance the stability of glycerin entrapment SOD under hot stress. Glycerin entrapment SOD also showed a rather strong tolerance in some additives of cosmetics. So glycerin entrapment would be a promising way to improve SOD stability in various stress conditions, which might enhance its various applications effectively in the near future.

Abstract:A antimicrobial protein was isolated and purified from Chlorella pacifica using ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-52, and then gelfiltration on SephadexG-200. By SDS-PAGE determination, the protein appears two bands with molecular weight of 61 kD and 70 kD, respectively. The protein consists of seventeen amino acids, in which the contents of Glu, Gly and Asp are abundant. The protein had strong antifungal activity against Penicillium chrysogenum and Rhizopus chinensis, and also exhibited antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Ameromonas punctata. The protein was stable under heat stress. Antifungal activities were stronger than antibacterial activitives in the antimicrobial protein from Chlorella pacifica.

Abstract:The “Valley-Savanna vegetation” is a special type of vegetation in mountane dry-hot valleys of southwest China. It has a special position in China, even within Asia. The composition, areal-types and floristic characteristics of seed plants in Yuanjiang Nature Reserve of Yunnan Province were studied on the basis of field survey. The results showed that there were 2 080 species of seed plants, belonging to 166 families and 835 genera, among of them 8 species are gymnosperm belonging to 3 families and 4 genera, and 2 072 species are angiosperm belonging to 163 families, 831 genera. The floristics of seed plants of Yuanjiang Nature Reserve is a transitional flora from tropical to subtropical area and with evident characteristics of tropical flora. The flora belongs to Sino-Himalaya subkingdom, Eastern Asiatic Kingdom. It is influenced by tropical Asian flora in origin and very rich in endemism (3 families endemic to East Asia, 5 genera and 647 species endemic to China).

Abstract:The Nabanhe National Nature Reserve is situated at Xishuangbanna, the most southern part of Yunnan Province, China. Based on the field survey and identification of about 1 300 collected specimens, 59 families, 157 genera, 385 species, 3 subspecies and 3 varieties of bryophytes were first reported from the Nabanhe National Nature Reserve. Of these, 3 species are newly recorded to mainland of China, 2 genera and 12 species or variety to Yunnan Province, and 4 families, 12 genera and 140 species to Xishuangbanna Region. In addition, the composition of the dominant genera and species and types of habitats of the bryophytes in the Reserve are also analyzed and discussed. The results provided useful data and information for flora studying of bryophytes in tropical region of China.

Abstract:The wood anatomical characters of Tetraena mongolica Maxim. were observed under light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the vessel elements were short, narrow, dense, with thick wall, simple perforation plate and horizontal end walls. Intervessel pits were opposite or alternate bordered pits. Libriform fibers were short and their wall was thick and scattered with a few simple pits. Ray cells were procumbent exclusively uniseriate and very dense. The axial parenchyma tissue was diffused or paratracheal. These suggested that the anatomical characters of secondary xylem of Tetraena mongolica Maxim. were adapted to the arid environment.

Abstract:A new species of Curcuma L., C. nankunshanensis N. Liu, X. B. Ye & J. Chen, is described and illustrated. The new species is similar to C. kwangsiensis X. X. Chen, but differs in its lateral rhizome multibranched, leaf blades broad-lanceolate and glabrous adaxially, coma bracts white except for purple toward the apex and fertile bracts green. It is also easily distinguished from C. aromatica by its rhizome white inside, coma bracts white except for purple toward the apex, seeds bearing. A key to Curcuma from Guangdong is provided.

Abstract:One genus and species Mischobulbum longiscapum together with other three species, Cheirostylis chinensis, Tainia dunnii, and T. ruybarrettoi are reported as new records from Hainan. All the vouchers are preserved in Herbarium of South China Botanical Garden, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (IBSC).

Abstract:Plant regeneration system derived from hairy roots of Datura arborea L. was established. The optimum medium for inducing adventitious buds by ‘one-step method’ was MS+6-BA 2.0 mg L-1+NAA 0.2 mg L-1. Using ‘two-step method’, callus was induced on MS medium supplement with 6-BA 4.0 mg L-1+KT 0.5 mg L-1+2,4-D 0.5 mg L-1 at first, then adventitious buds were differentiated from the induced callus on MS medium supplemented with 6-BA 4.0 mg L-1+NAA 0.2 mg L-1. The optimum rooting medium for adventitious buds was 1/2MS + IBA 0.1 mg L-1. By using PCR technique, the gene segments rolB and rolC were obtained from the leaves of regeneration plant. The results of HPLC showed that the contents of tropane alkaloids (TA) in regeneration plants was much more than those in the wild plants.

Abstract:The rapid propagation and germplasm conservation in vitro of Artemisia annua L. were studied using stem with axillary buds as explants cultured on Murashoga and Skoog (MS) basal medium. The buds could be induced successfully on MS medium supplemented with of 1.0 mg L-1 6-BA and 0.1 mg L-1 IBA. The suitable medium for bud multiplication was MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg L-1 6-BA and 0.1 mg L-1 IBA. The buds coulde be proliferated by 5.5 times cultured for 20 days. The rooting medium was MS medium with 0.1 mg L-1 NAA and 0.5 mg L-1 IBA, accounting for 98.3% of rooting. The MS medium supplemented with CCC or PP333 were found to be suitable for germplasm conservation in vitro. After preserved on MS+ CCC 1.0 mg L-1, MS+CCC 2.0 mg L-1 and MS+ PP333 4.0 mg L-1 for 200 days, the survival rate of germplasm get to 72.3%, 77.0% and 69.2%, respectively, and the ability of propagating and rooting of the plantlets was not decreased. All these results indicated that the rapid propagation system of A. annua had been established by inducted axillary buds, and the germplasm could be conserved for a long time on MS medium supplement with CCC or PP333.

Abstract:Bacterial wilt was caused by Ralstonia solanacearum. The Type III secretion system (T3S ) and TypeⅡsecretion system (T2S ) that directly translocated effector proteins into the host cells were essential for the development of disease. There were several ways to improve disease resistance of crops to bacterial wilt, such as, transgenic technology, breeding resistant cultivars, biocontrol, and so on.