Abstract:cDNA of Jatropha curcas was amplified by PCR with degenerated primers, a new plasma membrane intrinsic protein gene (JcPIP) was cloned. Phylogenic analysis indicated that PIPs of Jatropha curcas was closer relationship to those in Ricinus communis, Vitis vinifera and Spinacia oleracea. The cRNA of JcPIP was hetero expression in xenopus oocytes as a water channel and increased swelling rate by 10 times. A 13 amino acid sequence peptide was selected from the hydropilic conserved peptides. Then a high titer polycolonal antibody was obtained by immunizing rabbits with the peptide. ELISA analysis showed the titer of rabbit serum against anti-peptide of JcPIP was up to 10-4. The location of JcPIP in Jatropha curcas was analysised with western-blot. JcPIP was major in 29 kDa band and located in all plant tissues. Treated with PEG-6000, the amount of JcPIP incresed, however, decreased under the conditon of rewater. It suggested that JcPIP related with drought tolerance of Jatropha curcas.

Abstract:The relationship and genetic diversity among 84 Arachis gerplasm of 24 species belonging to 6 sections were systematically investigated based on SSR markers. 59 SSR primer pairs with polymorphic bands ranging from 1 to 6 were selected through 206 primer pairs screening. The genetic distance varied from 0.04 to 0.93 with average of 0.64 among Arachis species. Two accessions (G4 and G5) of A. appressipila belonging to section Procumbentes showed the least distance (0.04), while the largest genetic distances was detected between G14 (A. rigonii) belonging to section Procumbentes and G28 (A. glabrata) belonging to section Rhizomatosae. This clustering result was almost consistent with the taxonomic of Section in Arachis by Krapovickas and Gregory in 1994. The 7 genotypes of cultivated peanut were grouped into one cluster in section Arachis, and different botanical types were grouped into different sub-clusters. Section Procumbentes had the closest relationship with Section Arachis, while the relationship between sections Heteranthae and Erectoides were very closer. Some diploid species including A. villosa, A. duranensis and A. benensis had closer relationship with cultivated peanut based on the dendrogram, and they could be used as bridge genotypes to transfer elite genes from wild species to cultivated peanut.

Abstract:The CH4 and N2O fluxes from soil surface of different land use in a hilly area of South China were examined from 2004-03-30 to 2005-07-27. CH4 and N2O fluxes were measured with closed static chamber and a modified gas chromatograph (HP5890Ⅱ) in situ in two different land-use types: plantation mainly composed of Pinus massoniana and orchard of Dimocarpus longan, respectively. There were two sets of plots at both sites respectively: ones were covered with litters on the surface soil and the others without litters. The annual average CH4 fluxes from plot with litters were -3.41±0.3 kg CH4 hm-2a-1 in the pine plantation and -3.24±0.44 kg CH4 hm-2a-1 in the orchard; annual average N2O fluxes were 4.57±0.50 kg N2O-N hm-2a-1 and 11.99±0.67 kg N2O-N hm-2a-1, respectively. The annual average CH4 fluxes from plot without litters were -2.98±0.44 kg CH4 hm-2a-1 in the pine plantation and -1.93±0.53 kg CH4 hm-2a-1 in the orchard; annual average N2O fluxes were 3.12±0.28 kg N2O-N hm-2a-1 and 9.42±0.56 kg N2O-N hm-2a-1, respectively. N2O fluxes from soil surface were closely related to the types of land use. They were significantly higher from orchard than those from pine plantation (P<0.01). CH4 absorptions were higher in dry season (October~March) and lower in rainy season (April~September). N2O fluxes were higher in rainy season and lower in dry season. The results indicated that CH4 and N2O fluxes from soil surface were affected by soil water content more than temperature. CH4 absorptions were affected little by litter removal. The litter decomposition accounted for 31.71％ and 21.40％ of the total N2O emissions from the pine plantation and from orchard soil surface, respectively. The result also indicated that there was a dominant driving effect of precipitation on the N2O flux from soil surface in rainy season.

Abstract:Species composition and stand structures of 3 forest communities under different protection regimes in Nanling National Nature Reserve in Guangdong Province were studied. Three communities, i.e., Community Ⅰ, Community Ⅱ and Community Ⅲ, located at the experimental area, the buffer area and the core area，respectively, each represented by 30 plots, were surveyed and compared. The result showed that floral areal-types of the three communities were similar, which Pantropic, Trop. Asia (Indo to Malesia) and E. Asia & N. Amer. disjunct distribution types were dominant. And CommunityⅠshowed the least variety of floral areal-types. CommunityⅠ, with the least protection, had less species richness and DBH than the other two. Community Ⅱwith the medium protection had the biggest average DBH value. And Community Ⅲ with the highest protection had the highest species richness and the most variety of floral areal-types. There were significant difference in species richness and DBH among the three communities (P<0.001). It is difficult to conclude that species composition and structure with higher protection is better. Therefore, the management of the Nature Reserve should consider the local sustainability, make a good control of the human activities base on the local socioeconomic context to maintain the healthy of the community.

Abstract:The characteristics of nitrogen metabolism and soil nitrogen of four invasive plants (Ipomoea cairica, Wedelia trilobata, Synedrella nodiflora, Lantana camara) and one native plant (Paederia scandens, control plant) had been studied. The results showed that the activity of nitrate reductase in invasive plant tissue, the contents of NH4-N and NO3-N and the activities of protease and urease in their rhizosphere soil were higher than those of Paederia scandens by 1.65~4.34 times, 1.56~2.15 times, 1.72~3.11 times, 1.43~3.23 times and 1.41~3.33 times, respectively. But the nitrate content in invasive plant tissue fell to 17.5%~50.6% that of Paederia scandens. Furthermore, the correlation analysis indicated that the activity of nitrate reductase in invasive plant tissue was positively and significantly related to total nitrogen, NH4-N, NO3-N and the activities of protease and urease in their rhizosphere soil. The invasion of exotic plants speeded up nitrogen metabolism, enhanced nitrogen bioavailability, improved the efficiency of nitrogen assimilation, and coordinated plant nitrogen metabolism with soil nitrogen metabolism. All these benefited their growth when invasive plants competed against native ones for nitrogen, which might be a contributing factor to their successful invasion.

Abstract:According to the recorded data of the lowest temperature from 1971 to 2005 in Yongan City of Fujian Province and the maths model of extreme values distribution and meteorology theory, the possibility of the lowest temperature was estimated in different altitude within 5~10 years. The semilethal temperature of the different Eucalyptus species with different cold-resistant capability in the introducing area was determined by the method of electrolyte leakage rate. The introduction decision was estimated and made based on the likely occurrence of the lowest temperature at different altitude in 5~10 years and the semilethal temperature of the different species, called as "the extreme-environment reflecting method" . The results showed that Eucalyptus dunnii could distribute at altitude of 775 m, Eucalyptus grandis and other Eucalyptus sp. with samilar cold-resistant capability could be planted below 467 m, E. camaldulensis could survive below 960 m, when the lowest temperature over decade occurred in the area. This method could be widely used to other areas and species in evalution and decision making of the introduction.

Abstract:Papain was immobilized on sodium alginate-chitosan and nylon, respectively. The immobilization conditions and characterization of the immobilized enzyme were studide. When 1 mg g-1 carrier papain (PA) was loaded on sodium alginate-chitosan (IPSAC), the IPSAC activity was 39.2 U, and the recovery of activity was 21.1%. As PA was loaded 1 mg on one block nylon (3 cm×3 cm), the IPN activity was 35.6 U, and the recovery of activity was 19.2%. The optimum pH of PA, IPSAC and IPN were 7.2, 7.2 and 6.8, respectively. PA and IPSAC were stable when the temperature was lower than 70℃, while IPN was stable below 50℃. The half-life of IPSAC and IPN were 59 d and 66 d, respectively.

Abstract:The changes of proteins in cut flowers of five cultivars of lily (Lilium spp.) during senescence were studied using the improved polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The results showed that there were some similar protein bands, i.e. 49.9 kDa、45 kDa、32.8 kDa、22.1 kDa, in five lily cultivars, but there also were clear difference among the varieties, for example, the band of 38.4 kDa was characterized for ‘Aziatische Gr. Yelloween’, ‘Longiflorum’ with 40 kDa, but no 26.5 kDa. However, the similarity of protein band between the same hybrid strains was obviously higher than that between different ones. During the process of senescence, the contents of some protein decreased constantly, but some keep stablity. There were new protein bands occurred during petal degrade stage, such as 58.3 kDa for ‘Oriental Gr. Siberia’, ‘Oriental Gr. Sorbonne’, and ‘Aziatische Gr. Yelloween’, 67 kDa for ‘Aziatische Gr. Trompeten’. It suggested that these specific proteins were related to petal aging possibly.

Abstract:Two culture methods, sterilized MS medium and garden soil medium, were comparatively studied for spore germination of Dryopteris varia, with the observation of its gametophyte development under light microscope. The results revealed that the differences between the sterilized 1/2MS and MS culture media with 2% sucrose were very little in terms of the germination time and germination rate, but the former was much suitable for spore germination and the latter for the formation of sporophyte. The experiment also showed that in the 1/2MS culture medium 1% sucrose content was more appropriate for spore germination than others. Garden soil medium was testified to have shorter germination time and higher germination rate, but the formation of sporophyte on soil was obviously later than those on MS culture media. The process of spore germination in D. varia is attributed to Vittaria-type, and that of gametophyte development belongs to Aspidium-type. This feature is consistent with that in Dryopteris Adanson.

Abstract:Pollen morphology of nine Chinese species of Uncaria Schreb. was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and light microscopy (LM). The pollen grains are monad, small, radically symmetrical, and tricolporate, with a spheroidal to subprolate shape in equatorial view and three-lobed circular shape in the polar view. The ectocolpus is crack-like up to poles. A protruding oncus is often found in the middle of the ectocolpus. The exine ornamentation is striate to microreticulate, and without supratectal element. The genus Uncaria is fairly stenopalynous, because of a lack of variation of pollen characteristics at species level. The pollen morphology of Uncaria belongs to plesiomorphic type in Rubiaceae.

Abstract:In order to look for developmental features for future cladistic studies of Chloris group (Chloris, Cynodon, Eleusine, Dactyloctenum, and Microchloa etc.), digitate inflorescence development in Chloris barbata had been examined under light and scanning electron microscope. Twenty-three developmental features indiscernible in the mature inflorescence were found. The structure of digitate inflorescence of Chloris barbata show that several secondary long axes circle the truncated main axis in the branch system. This type of inflorescence branch system has been reported only in monocotyledons and few highly specialized dicotyledonous group. To clarify whether the branch primordia are derived from a part of the shoot apical meristem and/or axillary meristems, studies on the genetic control of grass inflorescence architecture involved in branching are imperative.

Abstract:The correct name for the long-leaved variety of Lonicera trichosantha L. is var. deflexicalyx (Batal.) Hsu & H. J. Wang. The synonyms and selected bibliography for the variety are enumerated.

Abstract:Frangula Mill. is separated from Rhamnus L. s. l. based on the characters of morphology and data of multidisciplinary. 5 species and 1 variety are recognized　in China. A key to species is provided. Two new combinations, Frangula crenata var. discolor (Rehd.) H. Yu, H. G. Ye et N. H. Xia and Frangula rhododendriphylla (Y. L. Chen et P. K. Chou) H. Yu, H. G. Ye et N. H. Xia are proposed.

Abstract:The fatty acid components and waxes extracted from Myrica rubra kernel were analyzed by GC-MS. The results showed that the yield of kernel oil was 31.10%, cluding eight fatty acids and three long-chain alkanes, the main components were palmitic acid (C16:0) 28.22%, linoleic acid(C18:2) 14.4%, oleic acid (Z) (C18:1) 25.74%, erucic acid (C22:1) 15.68%, heptadecane 5.2%, octadecane 5.87%, and nonadecane 4.71%. They provide an abundant and cheap resource of the fatty acid.

Abstract:Volatile components were extracted from Schima superba flowers by sonication with anhydrous ether, and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) with headspace solid phase micro-extraction (HS-SPME). Fifty-one components were identified, accounting for 99% of the volatile components. The content of oxygenated compounds were more than 93% in the volatile components. The main components included 4-oxoisophorone (26.33%), linalool oxide (19.53%), epoxylinalol (8.80%) 3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-ol (8.23%), veratrol (7.89%), 4-hydroxy-3,5,5-trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one (6.54%), 2,6,6-trimethyl-1,4-cyclohexanedione (4.06 %), phenylethyl alcohol (2.17%), 2-methyl-2-nonen-1-ol (2.04%), etc.

Abstract:The volatile components extrected from leaves of Stevia rebaudianum Bertohi were studied using by Solid phase micro-extraction (SPME) and Simultaneous distillation extraction (SDE), and chemical constituents were analyzed by gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer (GC-MS). One hundred and one compounds were identified, in which there were sixty-seven compounds from SPME, eighty from SDE, among them forty-six from both SDE and SPME. The main compositions were trans-β-farnesene, β-pinene, caryophyllene oxide, spathulenol, nerolidol, which were much different from other Compositae plant.

Abstract:Calli from leaf explants of two cultivars of Pogostemon cablin (Blance) Benth., which derived from Shipai in Guangzhou and Hainan, respectively, were obtained on Murashige Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 2,4-D (0.05 mg L-1) and KT(0.5 mg L-1), and plantlets regenerated through callus were obtained on MS medium supplemented with 6-BA (1 mg L-1). Essential oils were extracted from the regenerated plant and the constituents were analyzed using GC method. The results showed that there were obviously morphological differences in regenerated plants of the two cultivars after cultured for 2~3 months. Essential oil content in cultivar from Shipai was 1.4％，lower than that from Hainan, which was 2.9%, but the content of pogostone in cultivar of Shipai, being 375.76 mg ml-1, was significantly higher than that from Hainan, which was 7.82 mg ml-1. These differences exsited in the initial plants. This results provided more scientific basis for the classification of Pogostemon cablin.

Abstract:The effects of different freezing treatments on ultrastructure of plant cells during cryo-sectioning were compare. The results shown that the cell ultrastructure was well preserved with direct cryoembed method, while the endomembrane system in the cell was injured severely with liquid nitrogen cryopreservation. We proposed a method combining with cryoembed and modest thawing, by which not only could get integrated sections with the basic structure preserved, but also could avoid the abuse of using cyro-protected reagent. The procedure consisted of several steps as follows: fixing → refrigeration and embedding → modest thawing → rapid sectioning → section flatting → staining. The sections made by direct cryoembed with modest thawing could be stained and chemical determined in different ways. Besides, the characteristic of this procedure is simple and easy to be promoted.

Abstract:Flaveria bidentis (L.) Kuntze, an annual alien weed of Flaveria Juss. (Asteraceae), was newly found in China. It may be a potential invasive plant because of its very strong reproductive and survival abilities. The following aspects of F. bidentis: name, biological and ecological characteristics, physiological and molecular biology of C4 photosynthesis enzymes, genetics and secondary metabolites, were reviewed. Progresses in the study on the systematics evolution of Flaveria Juss., relationship between photosynthesis characteristics and the evolution of C4 pathway, and four important C4 photosynthesis enzymes are summarized in detail, and the prospects were also discussed. It might provide more information on its invasive characteristics.