Abstract:Positive controls were important for quality identification in microarray analysis of gene expression profiles. Two most important house-keeping genes GAPDH and APRT in plant often serve as positive standards. Here partial cDNAs of GAPDH （GenBank accession number：EF189713）and APRT（GenBank accession number： EF189712） were amplified from Erianthus arundinaceus by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using two pairs of primers designed according to the corresponding sequence of Zea mays. Four sets of E. arundinaceus under PEG-stress were applied to the cDNA microarray hybridization using the two genes as positive controls. Profiles showed that the average values of singal to noise (S:N) of Cy5 and Cy3 were 56.12 and 60.8 in GAPDH, respectively, while 51.06 and 47.25 in APRT, respectively. High signal was detected in all the hybridization, with the values of over 10 000 in GAPDH and 8 000 in APRT, indicating reliable hybridization. Both GAPDH and APRT expressed more stably than BADH. It is suggested that the two house-keeping genes from E. arundinaceusis are suitable for positive controls in genechip applification.

Abstract:Four antifungal protein genes (RAC22、RCH10、β-1,3-Glu and B-Rip) were introduced into Indica hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.) restorer line E32 by particle bombardment. Ten transgenic progenies of T₄ generation exhibited resistance to sheath blight after inoculated at the active tillering stage. In addition, the transgenic progenies had obvious variations in some non-target agronomic traits, such as growth duration, morphology, grain appearance and grain yield. The genetic gains were different among transgenic lines and the traits. Panicle, grain density and grain yield per plant had the highest genetic gains. The variation coefficients of plant height, panicle length and grain appearance were low, while those of panicle numbers per plant and 1000-grain weight reached high levels. The transgenetic rice cultivars with high yield and good quality could be developed.

Abstract:A study was conducted to investigate differential gene expression in sugarcane (ROC16) leaves subjected to 200 mg/L ethephon. cDNA-AFLP amplification showed a high level of polymorphism，and gene expression was significantly different compared with control. Some sequences of different expression fragments were highly homologous to disease-resistant and photosynthesis-associated genes.

Abstract:The effects of hydrology and nutrients (N and P) on the phytoplankton community were studied in the Dajingshan Reservoir belonging to a tropical zone during January to June in 2005. Seventy-six species of algae were identified. The total abundance of the phytoplankton ranged from 4.925×10⁶ to 63.65×106 cells L^-1and the total biomass from 1.632 to 20.420 mg L^-1. Pseudanabaena sp. and Synedra ulna were dominant species in the community during January to March (the early spring). Only Pseudanabaena sp. was dominant during April to June (the late spring), and S.ulna decreased rapidly in number due to water temperature. The phytoplankton abundance in the late spring (April to June) was higher than that in the early spring, however, its biomass was reverse. The above results were attributed to the increase in water temperature, which was the most important factor for the change of species composition and phytoplankton dynamics. Pumped storage reservoir is a special type of water body, the phytoplankton community is regulated in a distinct way from that in the other reservoirs. Nutrient loads and hydrodynamic changes affected the composition and dynamics of the phytoplankton.

Abstract:Branching pattern was studied in Osmanthus fragrans grown in Shifengzai scenery Fujian Province, China, by the Strahler method. The architectural parameters (overall bifurcation ratio, stepwise bifurcation ratio (SBR_1:2 and SBR_2:3), length of the first order branch, ratio of branch diameter (RBD_2:1), branch angle and leaf angle) varied with the different growth and development stages. The architectural comparison of branches showed that height growth was obvious at the seedling stage, transition from height growth to crown expansion occurred at the sapling stage, and the crown size increased rapidly with slow height growth at the mature stage. The analysis of leaf distribution showed that the leaves are distributed mainly at the first-order branches and the third-order branches, and the leaf size increased with the growth and development of O. fragrans. It is suggested that the plasticity of branching pattern is an adaptive strategy of O. fragrans.

Abstract:Population height, diameter breast height (DBH) and crown were studied in Cinnamomum burmannii population in Karst hills of Guilin, as well as their relationships. Differences in the height, DBH and crown of individuals of the population were determined by differentiation indices. Most individuals of the population were 2-8 m in height and 2-6 m in DBH. The crown sizes of most individuals were 1-4 m with a few of 5-7 m. The height, DBH and crown of C.burmannii individuals were found moderately differentiated. C.burmannii population consisted mainly of young trees with good regeneration, which is beneficial to complexity and stability of the population.

Abstract:The relationship between leaf characteristics and environmental factors was determined in Jasminum humile L. grown in the dry valley of the upper Minjiang River. The leaves were elliptic and leaf mesophyll tissue was distinctively differentiated. Leaf area, leaf thickness, leaf dry weight, leaf saturated water content, spongy tissue thickness, main vain thickness and the ratio of main vein thickness：collenchyma thickness （the V:C ratio） increased with increasing elevation. The ratio of palisade:spongy （the P:S ratio） declined as elevation increased. No significant differences were found in the ratio of leaf length: leaf width, epidermal thickness, palisade tissue thickness and leaf mass per area along elevation gradient. There were significant and positive correlations among leaf area, leaf dry weight, saturated water content, total leaf thickness and spongy mesophyll thickness, while all of these parameters were negatively correlated with the P:S ratio. Leaf area, leaf dry weight, spongy mesophyll thickness and the V:C ratio increased mainly with increasing soil water content. However, the P:S ratio decreased with increasing soil water content and annual rainfall. Leaf thickness, leaf saturated water content and vein thickness increased with decreasing temperateness. It is likely that leaf traits in J. humile are affected mainly by soil water content and temperature during the growing period in the habitat.

Abstract:Leaf epidermal cells and stomatal apparatuses in 20 ginger cultivars were observed under light microscope and scanning electron microscope and leaf shape index was examined as well. The leaf epidermal cells are hexagonal, long hexagonal and irregular hexagonal in shape. Stomatal apparatuses are all paracytic with 21.5-31.0μm in width. The stomatal apparatus indices are from 1.75 to 8.22 and leaf shape indices vary greatly, which can be used in elucidating relationship among the cultivars.

Abstract:Laticifer distribution and number were studied in diploid and tetraploid Euphorbia tirucalli L.. The laticifers are non-articulated. Primary laticifers are distributed mainly between the xylem and phloem and in the pith of 2-year-old stems as well. Secondary laticifers are scattered irregularly in the phloem, multi-branched. Terminal laticifers are present beneath the cortex (or periderm). Primary laticifers increase in number and size with stem growth. Then the diameter keeps a certain level and primary laticifers continuously increase in number to relief the sap pressure. Compared with diploid, the number of the primary laticifers decreased by 5.5 and 10.7 in newborn and 1-year-old stems of the tetraploid, respectively, and the diameter decreased by 5.5 and 8.4μｍ, respectively.

Abstract:The influences of different combinations of plant regulators, sucrose concentration and culture modes on proliferation rates and the quality of auxiliary buds were studied in Anthurium andraeanum cv. Sonate in liquid culture. Differences in the proliferation were compared among A. andraeanum cvs. Sonate, Valentino and Julanba. Nitsch basal medium supplemented with 0.5 mg L^-1 BA, 1.0 mg L^-1 KT and 30 g L^-1 sucrose was suitable for auxiliary bud proliferation of Sonate under liquid flask-shaking culture condition. Auxiliary bud proliferation of Sonate was promoted by the light of 20 μmol m^-2s^-1 of 25-day culture followed by 40 μmol m^-2s^-1, with the bud proliferation rate of 11.1 and the average bud length of 1.4 cm. The cultivars, Sonate, Valentino and Julanba, were well propagated under the above culture condition, especially Sonate and Valentino, but they showed differences in auxiliary bud emergence.

Abstract:Effects of boron on the growth, nutrition quality and nitrogen-fixing ability were studied in Chamaecrista rotundifolia. Compared with control,the branching numbers, root and shoot biomass of C. rotundifolia treated with boron (1.5 kg hm^-2, 3.0 kg hm^-2, 4.5 kg hm^-2) were increased by 15.7%-36.7%, 251%-493% and 7.2%-34.2%, respectively. The boron treatment of 1.5 kg hm^-2 was the best. The contents of total nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, raw proteins, raw fatty acids, raw fibers and amino acids were increased by 8.80%-31.38%, 10.37%-31.26%, 18.4%-37.9% 15.6%-65.4%, 10.5%-33.7% and 1.43%-42.60%, respectively, in boron (1.5, 3.0 and 4.5 kg hm^-2 ) treatments than controls. The effect of 1.5 kg hm^-2 boron treatment was also the best. It was suggested that the appropriate boron was benefit to nutrient absorption and accumulation in C. rotundifolia. The experiment also showed that boron content of the species was highest after 4.5 kg hm-2 boron treatment. Root nodule weight, number and nitrogenase activity reached highest levels after 3.0 kg hm^-2 boron treatment. The comprehensive analysis showed that 1.5 kg hm^-2 boron treatment was more suitable under the experiment condition.

Abstract:Softwood cuttings of Codiaeum variegatum var.pictum were treated with diffrent concentrations of solutions 1 (1％Triadimefon +15％Ethylicin WP) and 2 (15％Carbendazim + 15％Thiram WP)for 3 hours. Compared with control, new roots, root length, root diameter and survival rate increased by 26.2, 15.4 mm, 0.25 mm, 60%, respectively in solution 1 treatment, and they increased by 9.6, 7.4 mm, 0.36 mm, 46.67% , respectively in solution 2 treatment. The statistical analyses indicated that the optimal concentrations of solutions 1 and 2 were 1.819 g L^-1 and 1.894 g L^-1, respectively. In addition, solution 1 was more effective than solution 2（p＜0.01）.

Abstract:The essential oil was obtained by steam distillation, followed by solvent extraction from the aerial parts of Adenostemme lavenia (L.) D. Ktze.. The yield of the essential oil reached 0.990% after steam distillation for 10 hours. The constituents of the obtained volatile oil were analyzed by GC-MS, and their relative contents were determined by peak area normalization. Thirty-six peaks were detected from the volatile oil, of which 35 chemical compounds were identified, accounting for 99.56％ of the volatile oil. The main components were α-cubebene (32.62%), caryophyllene (24.9%) and γ-elemen (5.53%). Some other monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, such as α-caryophyllene (3.97%), α-chamigrene (3.57%), bicyclo [4,3,0]-7-methylene-2,4,4-trimethyl-2-vinyl nonane (3.41%), γ-terpinen (3.07%), d-limonene (2.57%), α-pinene (2.49%) and 2-Carene (2.28%) were also identified.

Abstract:Seven compounds, luteoloside(1), dracocephaloside(2), juncein(3), euscaphic acid(4), ursolic acid(5), 2a-hydroxyursolic acid(6), and oleanolic acid(7) were isolated from the air-dried herbs of Cephalomappa nudiflora. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic evidence (IR, NMR, MS, etc.) and comparison of their spectral data with those of the literatures. Compounds 2-7 were isolated from this species for the first time.

Abstract:Two triterpenoid saponins, characterized by the oleanane-derived sapogenol, were isolated from the whole plant of Lysimachia patungensis Hand.-Mazz., and their structures were established as ardicrenin (1) and ardisiacrispin A (2) by spectral data. The TC₅₀s of ardicrenin (1) against cell lines SWO-38, KB , MCF-7 and Hela in vitro were 3.16, 3.16, 2.97, 2.42 μmol/L, respectively, and those of ardisiacrispin A (2) against the cell lines were 3.96, 3.01, 1.98, 2.73 μmol/L, respectively.

Abstract:Two species of the genus Viola Linn., Viola huoeiana W. Beck.and Viola Pulla W. Beck.missed by Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae are reduced to the synonymy of Viola verecunda A. Gray and Viola lucens W. Beck., respectively.