Abstract:The history of studies on Zingiberaceae is briefly introduced. The classification system, proposed by B. L. Bunt (1972) is adopted. Some morphologic characters of the organs with evolutionary significance, such as rhizome, inflorescence, bracteole, staminoides, etc. are discussed. The Zingiberaceae is a pantropic family, devided into 2 subfamilies and 4 tribes, comprising 52 genera, about 1377 species. The subfamily Zingiberoideae with 48 genera 1268 species, has its greatest concentration in Indo-Malaysian area, while subfamily Costoideae comprising 4 genera 109 species, is manily distributed in tropical America and Africa. Six distribution maps of Zingiberaceae and statistics of genera in the floristic restons of the world and China are presented. Based on the evidence of fossil records and the present distribution, the origin and the formation of recent distributional Patterns of this family tvers probed. Fossil Zingiberaceae has been recorded in stratum of late Cretaceous and early Tertiary from Europe, North America and India. "The family was probably common to very early Laurasia and West Gondwanaland" (Raven &. Axelred, 1974). After the Tertiary,when the climate of Europe and North America became cooler, the Zingiberaceae gradually disappeared, but in Southeast Asia, which was less influenced by glacjation, the Zingiberaceae continuously developed. So Southeast Asia became the centre of preasent distribution and species diversity. In Australia there is no endemic genus but there are 7 genera in common with Asia, belonging to Indo-Malaysia element.These genera probably entered north Australia through Malaysia. There are 6 genera and 115 species in Tropical Africa, only 4 genera 120 species in South Americ; Costoideae is well developed in these areas.

Abstract:The nodulation and nitrogen fixation of Acacia mangium grown on the hill of Heshan Institute of Forestry in Guangdong was studied. The results showed that the diurnal variation of nodule nitrogenase activity for Acacia mangium was related to the energy supply of nitrogen fixation and depended on sunlight and temperature, the range for diurnal variation of nitrogenase activity being 1 to 5 μmol C2H4· g-1 fresh nodules h-1. Seasonal variation of nitrogenase activity was related to the temperature and humidity, it ranged from 3 to 10 μmol C2H4· g-1 fresh nodules h-1 in warm and rainy season from May to October.The growth retardation or death of the nodule and the degradation or loss of nitrogenase activity were affected by dry and low temperature in winter and spring. The nodule biomass for several plots in different years amounted to 104-625 kg·ha-1, and more biomass (over 300 kg·ha-1 ) appeared in early stage of the forest. Biomass decreased with the increase of forest age due to the herb and shrub developing and the root growth downward to the deep soil. Ditching and fertilizing increased the nodule biomass by 57-344kg·ha-1, which is significant for increasing the amount of nitrogen fixation.

Abstract:The community characteristics are analysed on the basis of the floristic composition,physiognomy and structure, as well as the population characteristics of Amentotaxus argotaema on Qingcheng mountain. The survival curve and the age structure of Amentotaxus argotaenia population suggest that the population is an increasing type of the nature community.The population has obvious shade-adapted and rock-growed properties. Maybe it is an adaptive selection of the relic population in the natural evolution. Between the studied community and the subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest there is no distinction in tropical floristic component, temperate component, life form spectrum, leaf size class spectrum and leaf texture spectrum, but the endemism, ancient and relic nature exist obviously in the studied community. It seems that the Amentotaxus argotaenia community is a special community type of subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest.

Abstract:The floristic composition in Liuxihe Forest Park with an area of more than 140thousands mu (9 300 ha) lcoated 100 km on the north from Guangzhou wasanalysed, and its relation with other floras in Guangdong Province was compared.The flora of Liuxihe Forest Park is considered as a part of South China district belonging to the Sino-Japan Forest subregion of Panarctic region. The study indicates that the floristic composition of Liuxihe Forest Park is dominated by tropical and subtropical elements with the characters of transition from Panarctic Flora to Paleotlopic Indo-Malesian Flora. This flora is in close relation with Dinghushan and Heishiding floras having similar typical composition of south subtropical flora in Asia.

Abstract:This paper reports the structures and formation of both lomasomes and plasmalemmasomes in the dikaryotic hyphae and conidium of the preceding fruitbody primordia of Tremellafuciformis. Both lomasomes and plasmalemmasomes are a membranous structures associated with plasmalemma. The presence of similar structures supports that the hypothesis of themultivesicular bodies or vesicles pass through the plasmalemma embedded in the cell wall and become lomasomes, which take part in cell walls synthesis. In the growing young cells during rapid division and single conidium, depressions of the plasmalemma prepuce vesicular plasmalemmasomes containing some vesicles, but then it also may produce membranous plasmalemmasomes. In themature cells, invaginations of the plasmalemma generally produce membranous plasmalemmasomes Projecting into the cytoplasm, which composed of a convoluted framework of membranes continuous with the plasmalemma and one to two electron-dense vesicles. When these two type of plasmalemmasomes casted off from the plasmalemma to migrate cytoplasm, a pet of membrane lamellae and vesicles were digested. Consequently, it can be reasoned that the plasmalemmasomes are the result of endocytosis of the plasmalemma in order for cellular growth and differentiation to transport material from the. substrate into the organism. The electron-dense cytoplasm of the cell adjacent to the septal pore which was blocked by folded sheet of endoplasmic reticulum. The invagination of the plasmalemma produce rare pocket plasmalemmasomes projecting into thecytoplasm, which composed of a unit membrane and three electron-dense vesicles. The formation and function of the pocked plasmalemmasomes are similar to the membranous plasmalemmasomes. It is considered that blocked septal pore and present of plasmalemmasomes are two important characters, which concerned with primordial cellular differentiation of Tremella fuciformis.Finally, the membrane lamellae of the membranous plasmalemmasomes can be disengaged to become endoplasmic reticulum which have been observed in the mature cell. Thus the endoplasmic reticulum also may be derived flom Plasmalemmasomes.

Abstract:Leaf-derived callus of Camellia sinensis Kuntze was obtained on MS medium supplemented with 6-BA (1 or 4mg·L-1 ) +IAA (2mg·L-1 ) +GA3 (3mg. L-1 ) +activated carbon (0. 2- 0. 3% ). On the same medium, embryogenesis was induced and finally formed plantlets. It was observed from the sections that the embryoids derived either from the cell or the cell mass on the surface of the callus, or from the cell or the cell mass in the deep inner pert of the callus. The developing order of embryoids was approximately the same as that of zygote embryos. They developed into plantletS via the stage of globular embryo, heart-shaped embryo, torpedo-shaped embryo and cotyledon embryo.Many abnormal embryoids appeared in the developing process.

Abstract:Decapitated-derooted peanut seedlings (Arachis hypogaea L.) were smeared with 10-5 mol/L benzyladenine (BA) solution on the surface of sink leaves. 0-24h after BA treatment, the activities of sucrose phosphate synthetase (SPSase) and cytosol fructose-1, 6bisphosphatase (F1, 6Pase)were gradually increased. The decrease of acid invertase activity resulted in increasing amount of sucrose content and the increase of α-amylase activity caused the reduction of starch content. 24-48h after BA treatment, however, the activities of SPSase and F1, 6Pase decreased and acid invertase increased gradually in sink leaves. The amount of sucrose was reduced and photosynthetic carbon was favorable to the accumulation of starch.

Abstract:When wampee seeds developed from 46 days after anthesis (DAA) to fruit maturation,the germination Percentage rose from zero to 100%, while the visor index rose from zero and attained maximum value at 74 DAA, and then dropped down slightly. The respiratory rate pergram dry weight decreased continuously, but that on per seed basis increased constantly during 46-67 DAA and fell afterwards, then rose again after wet-storage for one day. The seeds developed ahead of the fruit, the dry weight Per seed reached nearly maximum value at 74 DAA with maximum vigor index, meanwhile, the fresh weight Per fruit reached nearly maximum value, but its dry weight was only 73% of that at ripening stage. The germination percentage of the seeds during 46-53 DAA was less than 100%. Mild desiccation could improve the seed germination percentage and vigor index, and the germination percentage from 60 DAA to the days of fruit maturation were all 100%. In this Period any degree of the seed desiccation could decrease the vigor index. However, the desiccation-sensitivity of seeds during various development stages was different, among which, seeds at 67 DAA had the lowest desiccationsensitivity, while seeds at 88 DAA (maturation) had the highest.

Abstract:Influence of different phosphorus levels on some biochemical characteristics in phosphorus-starved Cymbidium sinense (Andr.) Willd. was studied. It was found that the amounts of inorganic phosphoric acid, phosphatidic acid, inositol hexaphosphate, hexose phosphate, high-energy phosphate compound and nucleic acid in plant were increased to different extent with increasing NaH2PO4 concentration. The acid phosphatase activity negatively related to phosphorus concentration, and NaH2PO4 at 0. 02 mmol/L may basically satisfy the requirement of the plant growth. We observed that leaf had lower contents of protein and soluble sugar and higher contents of free amino acid and starch during phosphorus deficiency. Hence, the reduction of plant height in C. sinense plant grown in Pi deficiency medium may primarily be caused by the deficiency of Plotein.

Abstract:The activity of peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase and the content ofmalonaldehyde in panicles and anthers of P/TGMR 8902s and Petal 64s were analysed at three different developmental stages (pollen mother cell formation, V; pollen mother cell meiosis, VI;and mature anther, Vlll)during transferring from sterility to fertility. The results showed that the activity of the three enzymes in fertile pened were higher than that in sterile period. In addition, the content of malonaldehyde decreased with the increasins rate of normal pollens. It is concluded that the changes of activated oxygen metabolism in P8nicles and anthers of P/TGMR may be related to pollen abortion in P/TGMR.

Abstract:Total carotenoids, α-carotene, β-carotene and xanthophyll from the pulp of mango fruit were separated and quantified by spectrophotometer and HPLC. A significant increase in the carotenoid contents was observed during the postharvest ripening, with 9. 590, 0. 718, 4. 593and 0. 624mg/100g in total carotenoids, α-carotene, β-carotene and xanthophyll, respectively at the maximum poaks as compared to 2. 115, 0. 078, 0. 441and 0. 041mg/100g, respectively at the time of harvest. This result coincided with the change of flesh color from light-yellow to yellow-orange during ripening.