Abstract:Effective conservation strategies require an in-depth understanding of reproductive characteristics of plants. The reproductive biology of Cymbidium aloifolium was investigated in Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2022 and 2023, including flowering phenology, breeding system, flower morphology, pollination characteristics and flower volatile components. The results showed that C. aloifolium flowers began to bloom during mid-April. An individual flower and the population of C. aloifolium lasted 7 and 36 days, respectively. The pollen viability peaked at 47.15% on the first day of flowering, and then decreased. The stigma remained receptive throughout the single flowering period, reaching peak on the second day. The breeding system was facultative outcross breeding and dependent on pollinators, and the natural seed setting rate was 6.9%. The epidermal cells at the apex of the labellum and at the base of the labellum were conical and fingerlike protuberances, respectively. The fingerlike protuberances at the base had oil particles attached outside the cells, which might be the reward of pollinators. The yellow cap had cone-shaped cells that reflect light and may attract insects. Apis cerana was the only effective pollinator ofC. aloifolium. The content of (E)-2-decenyl acetate was the higest in the floral volatile odor of C. aloifolium. Therefore, it was suggested that the floral structure of C. aloifolium had significant adaptability to pollinators.