Abstract:In order to reveal the spatial temporal distribution pattern of water resource in China, six factors, including precipitation, aridity, evapotranspiration, slope, vegetation, and catchment area, were introduced, an improved water resource gridded model for China was proposed based on partition-weight assignment method. The results showed that the improved water resource gridded method based on second-order basin had high applicability for China, with the overall SE of 7.89% for third-order basins and 7.25% for provincial admini- strative units. The spatial allocation precision of Yangtze River basin, Songhua River basin, and southeastern River Basins was better than that of Yellow River Basin, Huaihe River Basin, and northwestern River Basins, which was significantly influenced by the nature factors, such as precipitation and evapotranspiration. There was a rising tendency from northwest to southeast in spatial distribution of water resources, which was basically consistent with the spatial pattern of precipitation. The water resources of the southern River Basins mainly came from precipitation, and the glacial melt water was the main water sources of the northwestern River Basins and most inland River Basins. The relationship between the water resource and GDP density differed with the urban city scale and geographical locations. These could provide scientific bases and decision support for the management of regional water resource.