Abstract:While preparing a treatment of Acanthaceae for the forthcoming Flora of China, Leptostachya caudatifolia H. S. Lo & D. Fang was found to show more similarities to Justicia L. than to Leptostachya Nees (e.g., its lower anther-theca spurred at a base and biaperturate pollen). A new combination, Justicia caudatifolia (H. S. Lo & D. Fang) Z. P. Hao, Y. F. Deng & T. F. Daniel, is proposed herein. Leptostachya wallichii Nees remains the sole species of the unispecific genus Leptostachya.