Abstract:The relationship between the distribution of Malania oleifera and climatic factors was studied by using WI, HI, cluster analysis, and principal component analysis. The results showed that maximum temperature, mean temperature in July, annual average temperature, ≥10℃ annual accumulated temperature and annual average precipitation were the main limited factors to the geographical distribution of Malania oleifera. By Peak-Width-Half (PWH) Numeration, the optimum temperature and annual precipitation ranged from 18.0℃ to 22.0℃ and from 1 106.5 mm to 1 585.1 mm, respectively. The regions of Leye were the main geographical distribution of Malania oleifer due to the hydro-thermal environment. The maximum temperature and arid climate are the significant factors to the distribution of Malania oleifera, and lead to endangerment.