Abstract:This paper reviews the progress of the studies on systematics and evolution of Gramineae. Four principal problems are embraced in the topics for current studies on Gramineae： 1. The phylogenetic relationships of the taxonomic hierarchy of Gramineae should be most significant in the formulation of a classification. We recognize four modes of phylogenetic analysis — traditional, experimental, historical, and cladistic methods. 2. The evolution of sex system is a central issue of evolutionary biology. Research directed toward three topics seems desirable： the relative advantages of self-compatiblity，the developmental models to encompass the signification departures from the normal sex ratio，and the control ofthe sex-form determination．3．The understanding of the mechanism of morphology ， genetics and inflorescence development provides insight into the inflorescence evolution．4．The origin times of the family and of its subdivisions maybeun certain until recent time． In conclusion，a phylogenetic classification of Gramineae is a long-term goal，thus the ultimate goal of most systematic studies is to provide insight into the evolutionary processes that underlie diversity.