草海国家级自然保护区华山松群落特征及物种多样性研究

Community Characteristics and Species Diversity of Pinus armandii in Caohai National Nature Reserve

摘要:

为探讨喀斯特地区森林群落的演替动态和生物多样性维持机制，采用样地调查法对草海国家级自然保护区的华山松（Pinus armandii）群落的物种组成、植物区系特征、种群结构和物种多样性等进行了分析。结果表明，样地内共有种子植物37科69属81种，其中乔木11种、灌木32种、草本38种；群落内植物的科、属区系成分类型多样，以温带成分为主；生活型谱主要以高位芽植物（46.91%）和地面芽植物（27.16%）为主；乔木层华山松的重要值达58%，为群落的单优势种；径级结构呈左偏正态型分布，树高分布集中在12~21 m，冠幅分布呈V型；乔木层与灌木层、草本层间的多样性差异显著（P<0.05），物种丰富度指数S和D_M、多样性指数H和D_S均为草本层 > 灌木层 > 乔木层，物种均匀度指数J为灌木层 > 草本层 > 乔木层。因此，草海国家级自然保护区内的华山松群落特征和物种多样性具有明显的地域特点。

Abstract:

In order to understand the succession dynamics and biodiversity maintenance mechanism of forest community in karst area, the species composition, flora characteristics, species diversity and population structure of Pinus armandii forest in Caohai National Nature Reserve by using sample-plot survey. The results showed that there were 81 species of seed plants, belonging to 21 families and 39 genera, including 11 species of trees, 32 species of shrubs and 38 species of herbs. The floristic type of families and genera was complex mainly composed by temperate element. The main life-form spectrum was dominated by phanerophytes (46.91%) and hemicryp-tophyte (27.16%). Pinus armandii was the single dominant species with importance value of 58%; the diameter structure was a skewed normal distribution (left-biased type), and the distribution of tree height was focused on 12-21 m, and the distribution of e crown was V type. There was a significant difference in the diversity between tree layer with shrub layer and herb layer. The species richness indexes, S and D_M, and diversity indexes, H and D_S, were in the order of herbaceous layer > shrub layer > tree layer, and the evenness index (J) was shrub layer > herb layer > tree layer. So, the characteristics of P. armandii community and species diversity in Caohai National Nature Reserve have obvious regional features.