不同培育方式对橡胶树实生苗生理指标、养分及长势的影响

Effects of Different Cultivation Methods on Nutrients, Physiological Indexes and Growth Vigor of Hevea brasiliensis Seedlings

摘要:

橡胶树(Hevea brasiliensis)种子催芽生长一般使用沙床培育，沙子是不可再生资源，为了选择一种适合橡胶树种子培育方式来替代对沙子的依赖，该研究通过水培、悬空培育和传统的沙培比较橡胶树实生苗第1蓬叶稳定时，苗木的生长势、生理指标及养分含量。结果表明，水培实生苗地上部株高、茎粗、叶面积的长势最佳，壮苗指数和生物量的含量最高，但其根太长，根相对较细。水培的叶、茎、根的可溶性糖、丙二醛、游离脯氨酸、超氧化物歧化酶的含量均较低；水培和悬空培育的叶片和茎的叶绿素、类胡萝卜素及根系活力的含量没有显著性差异，均高于沙培。水培的叶、茎、根中的氮和磷含量最低，沙培的最高；而水培实生苗根和茎中钾的含量较高，叶片中含量与悬空培育、沙培均没有显著性差异；悬空培育在叶、茎、根中钾的含量最低。水培促进了苗木的生长，降低干旱胁迫，提高养分利用率，但后续还需调控根系，建设良好根团。悬空培育的苗木长势较弱，还需进一步完善方法。

Abstract:

Hevea brasiliensis seeds generally cultivated in sand bed. Sand is a non-renewable resource. In order to choose a suitable seed cultivation method to replace the dependence on sand, the growth vigor, physiological indexes and nutrient contents of H. brasiliensis seedlings were compared, when the first leaf was stable through hydroponic, airborne and sand cultures. The results showed that the above-ground height, stem diameter and leaf area of hydroponic seedlings had the best growth, and the strong seedling index and biomass were the highest, but the roots were too long and relatively thin. The contents of soluble sugar, malondialdehyde, free proline and superoxide dismutase activity were low in the leaves, stems and roots of hydroponic culture. There was no significant difference in the contents of chlorophyll, carotenoid in leaf and stem and root activity between hydroponic culture and airborne culture, which were all higher than sand culture. The contents of nitrogen and phosphorus in leaf, stem and root of hydroponic culture were the lowest, while those of sand culture were the highest. The content of potassium in roots and stems of hydroponic seedlings was higher, and the content of potassium in leaves was not significantly different from that in airborne culture and sand cultivation. The content of potassium in leaves, stems and roots of airborne culture was the lowest. Hydroponic culture can promote the growth of seedlings, reduce drought stress and improve nutrient utilization, but it is necessary to regulate the root system and build a good root mass. The seedling growth in airborne culture is weak, so the method needs to be further perfected.