4种香花型石斛花朵的挥发性成分分析

Analysis of Volatile Components of Four Aromatic Dendrobium Flowers

摘要:

为探究石斛属(Dendrobium)盛花期花朵的主要挥发性成分，采用顶空固相微萃取结合GC-MS技术对球花石斛(D. thyrsiflorum)、扭瓣石斛(D. tortile)、鼓槌石斛(D. chrysotoxum)和密花石斛(D. densiflorum)花朵的挥发性成分进行分析。结果表明，4种石斛花朵的挥发性成分共70种，包括酯类、醇类、酚类、酮类、烷类、烯类、醛类以及其他等8类，其中烯类总含量最高，为主要挥发性成分。球花和密花石斛的主要香气成分为β-石竹烯，相对含量分别为0.46和6.91 μg/(g·h)；而扭瓣石斛为醋酸辛酯[6.11 μg/(g·h)]；鼓槌石斛为β-罗勒烯[5.23 μg/(g·h)]。该研究有利于评价和筛选有价值的芳香石斛兰种质资源，为香型石斛兰品种培育和兰花精油的开发利用提供参考。

Abstract:

In order to understand the main volatile components of Dendrobium flowers at full bloom stage, the volatile components from flowers of D. thyrsiflorum, D. tortile, D. chrysotoxum and D. densiflorum were determined by solid phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed that there were 70 volatile components identified in 4 Dendrobium flowers, including 8 types of esters, alcohols, phenols, ketones, alkanes, alkenes, aldehydes and others, among which alkenes was the main volatile component with the highest content. The main aromatic constituent was caryophyllene in D. thyrsiflorum and D. densiflorum with relative contents of 0.46 and 6.91 μg/(g·h), respectively, and acetic acid [6.11 μg/(g·h)] in D. tortile; and β-ocimene [5.23 μg/(g·h)] in D. chrysotoxum. Thus, it was helpful to evaluate and screen valuable germplasm resources of Dendrobium, and provide reference for the cultivation of aromatic Dendrobium species and the development and utilization of orchid essential oil.