光敏色素A调控光响应基因表达及其翻译后修饰研究进展

Research Progress of Phytochrome A in Regulating Light-responsive Gene Expression and Its Post-translational Modifications

摘要:

光是调节植物生长发育最重要的环境信号因子之一。植物通过光受体感受自然环境中光的强度、方向以及光周期等信号的变化，从而调控其生长发育过程。光敏色素A (phytochrome A, PHYA)是植物中唯一的远红光受体蛋白，具有在黑暗下在细胞质中合成，而在照光后快速入核和降解的特性，并通过多种途径精确调节了植物光响应基因的转录网络。同时，蛋白质翻译后修饰在调节PHYA稳定性和活性的过程中发挥了重要的作用。该文论述了PHYA调节光响应基因表达以及PHYA翻译后修饰方向的研究进展，并展望了PHYA在农作物分子设计育种中的应用前景。

Abstract:

Light is one of the most important critical factors that regulate plant growth and development. Photoreceptors perceive the changes in light intensity, direction and photoperiod to regulate the entire lifecycle of plants further. Phytochrome A (PHYA) is the unique far-red light receptor in plants. PHYA is synthesized in the cytosol in the dark; upon light illumination, PHYA is translocated into the nucleus and degraded rapidly. PHYA precisely regulates the transcription network via multiple pathways. Furthermore, post-translational modifications have been shown to play an essential role in modulating the stability and activity of PHYA. The research progress on PHYA-mediated transcription and post-translational modifications of PHYA were summarized, and the application prospects of PHYA in molecular design breeding in crops were also discuss.