14个杉木家系主要用材性状表型多样性分析与评价

Phenotypic Diversity Analysis and Evaluation of Main Timber Traits in 14 Families of Chinese Fir

摘要:

为了解杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)家系间用材性状的表型变异特征，采用方差分析、聚类分析、主成分分析等方法，对14个杉木家系的10个生长指标进行表型多样性分析和综合评价。结果表明，杉木家系主要用材性状的表型多样性指数为1.438~2.008，平均为1.735，最大的是树高，最小的是管胞长度。表型多样性丰富，其中，树高、胸径、单株材积、管胞长宽比和生材密度具有较强的遗传变异性，且各性状间具有一定相关性。家系遗传力(H²)为0.012~0.934，最大的是管胞长宽比，最小的是生材密度。表型变异系数为3.81%~39.90%，平均为15.03%，最大的是单株材积、最小是管胞腔径比，遗传改良潜力大。14个杉木家系可划分为3大类群，其中，类群Ⅲ的综合性状最优，类群I的生长量最佳。综合性状排名前3的家系是JX3、JX10和JX2。因此，10个主要用材性状的表型多样性丰富，筛选出的3个家系可作为优良材料用于杉木种质的保存与高效利用。

Abstract:

To understand the variation characteristics of timber traits among Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) families, the phenotypic diversity analysis and comprehensive evaluation of 10 growth indexes of 14 families were studied by using methods of variance analysis, cluster analysis, principal component analysis. The results showed that the phenotypic diversity indexes of 10 main timber traits in 14 families ranged from 1.438 to 2.008 with an average of 1.735, among which the highest was height, and the smallest was tracheid length. The phenotypic diversity was rich, height, diameter at breast height, volume, length-width ratio and green density had strong genetic variability, and there was a certain correlation among traits. The family heritability (H²) ranged from 0.012 to 0.934, the largest was length-width ratio, and the smallest was green density. The phenotypic variation coefficient varied from 3.81% to 39.90% with an average of 15.03%, the biggest and smallest were volume and tracheid cavity to width ratio, respectively, indicating that the genetic improvement potential was great. The 14 Chinese fir families could be divided into three major groups, group III had the best comprehensive traits, and group I had the best growth. The top 3 families for growth traits were JX3, JX10, JX2. Therefore, the phenotypic diversity of the 10 main timber traits was rich, and the top 3 families could be used as excellent materials for the conservation and efficient utilization of Chinese fir germplasm.