广东省龙眼洞林场维管束植物的区系特征分析

Flora Characteristics of Vascular Plants in Longyandong Forest Farm, Guangdong Province

摘要:

为了解广东省龙眼洞林场的植物区系特征，采用线路调查法，对维管束植物的组成、区系成分和濒危等级进行了调查分析。结果表明，龙眼洞林场内有维管束植物783种，隶属于151科473属，蕨类植物中的优势科有鳞始蕨科(Lindsaeaceae)、铁线蕨科(Adiantaceae)、鳞毛蕨科(Dryopteridaceae)等11科；种子植物中的优势科有旋花科(Convolvulaceae)、防己科(Menisper-maceae)、爵床科(Acanthaceae)、葡萄科(Vitaceae)等62科。种的分布区类型相较于属的分布区类型更为广泛，热带、亚热带成分的种数量突出，其优越的地形特点与独特的亚热带湿润气候相互渗透与交织，在林场内部有许多中国特有植物类群。珍稀濒危植物有桫椤(Alsophila spinulosa)、土沉香(Aquilaria sinensis)等12种，数量较少，其中桫椤处于易危状态。林场内的资源植物丰富，有681种，大致可分为药用植物、食用植物、观赏植物和工业原料植物4大类型，其中，药用植物覆盖到本林场的71.14%，数量最多。建议对林场内的资源植物进行开发利用，并对珍稀濒危植物加强保护。

Abstract:

In order to understand the flora characteristics of vascular plants in Longyandong Forest Farm, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, the species composition, flora characteristics and endangered grade of vascular plants were investigated and analyzed by route survey. The results showed that there were 783 species, belonging to 473 genera and 151 families in the forest farm, including 11 dominant families in ferns, such as Lindsaeaceae, Adiantaceae, Dryopteridaceae, and 62 dominant families in spermatophytes, such as Convolvulaceae, Menisper- maceae, Caesalpiniaceae and Vitaceae. Compared with the areal types, the areal types at species level were more extensive than those at genera level with large tropical and subtropical components. Superior topographic features and unique subtropical humid climate interpenetrate and interweave, forming a lot of endemic to China species in the forest. There were also 12 key protected plants, eg. Alsophila spinulosa and Aquilaria sinensis. Especially A. spinulosa was in a vulnerable state. There were 681 resource species in the forest farm, which could be divided into four types, such as medicinal, edible, ornamental and industrial raw material species, and the medicinal species had the largest number covered 71.14% of the forest farm. Therefore, it was suggested to develop and utilize the resource plants and strengthen the protection of rare and endangered plants in the forest farm.