浙江油茶产地土壤和果实金属元素含量特征

Characteristics and Distributions of Metal Elements in Camellia oleifera Fruits and Soil in Production Areas of Zhejiang Province

摘要:

为探讨油茶（Camellia oleifera）产地土壤和油茶果实中金属元素分布和富集特征，在油茶果实成熟期，对浙江5个油茶产地土壤及油茶果实中金属元素进行污染分析和富集能力评价。结果表明，浙江油茶产地土壤中Pb、Cr、Cd、As、Hg、Ni、Cu和Zn含量低于农用地土壤污染风险筛选值，综合污染等级为安全。个别产区常山县土壤中As、Ni、Cu和江山县土壤中Pb、Cr、Fe含量显著高于其他产地；常山和建德土壤中Cd单因子污染指数分别为0.93和0.81，处于污染警戒线。Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn主要分布在油茶籽中，Hg主要分布在壳中，Pb、Cd、As、Fe和Mn主要分布在青皮中。油茶籽中Cu、Fe、Mn的富集系数大于0.4，吸收能力强，Ni、Zn的富集系数小于0.4，具有一定吸收能力，Pb、Cr、Cd、As和Hg的富集系数小于0.1，吸收能力低；壳中Cu、Mn的富集系数大于0.4，吸收能力强，Fe的富集系数小于0.4，具有一定吸收能力，Pb、Cr、Cd、As、Hg、Ni、Zn的富集系数小于0.1，吸收能力低；青皮中Cu、Fe、Mn的富集系数大于0.4，吸收能力强，Pb、Cr、Cd、As、Hg、Ni、Zn的富集系数小于0.1，吸收能力低。浙江油茶主产区土壤质量安全，适合油茶种植。油茶果实对Cu、Fe、Mn有一定富集能力，对Pb、Cr、Cd、As和Hg无富集能力。

Abstract:

To study the distribution and enrichment characteristics of metal elements in fruits of Camellia oleifera and planting soil, the assessment of eight heavy metals (Pb, Cr, Cd, As, Hg, Ni, Cu and Zn) and its enrichment capacity were studied in main production areas of Zhejiang province during the maturity period. The results showed that the contents of all measured metals in the soils were lower than the risk screening values of GB 15618-2018. The levels of As, Ni and Cu in soils of Changshan County, and the levels of Pb, Cr and Fe in soils of Jiangshan County were significantly higher than the values in other areas. The single-factor pollution index of Cd in Changshan and Jiande soils were 0.93 and 0.81 respectively, which were at the pollution cordon. Cr, Ni, Cu and Zn were mainly found in the seed, and Hg was mainly found in shell, and Pb, Cd, As, Fe and Mn were mainly found in the green peel. The enrichment coefficients of Cu, Fe and Mn in seed are greater than 0.4, indicating its high absorption capacity of these metals, while enrichment coefficients of Ni, Zn less than 0.4, and enrichment coefficients of Pb, Cr, Cd, As, Hg, Ni, and Zn less than 0.1. The enrichment coefficients of Cu and Mn in shell are greater than 0.4, indicating its high absorption capacity of these metals, while enrichment coefficients of Fe less than 0.4, and enrichment coefficients of Pb, Cr, Cd, As, Hg, Ni, and Zn less than 0.1. The enrichment coefficients of Cu, Fe and Mn in the green peel were greater than 0.4, indicating its strong absorption capacity, while the enrichment coefficients of Pb, Cr, Cd, As, Hg, Ni and Zn were less than 0.1. The camellia oleifera fruit have middle enrichment ability of some transition metal (Cu, Fe, and Mn), and have week enrichment ability of Pb, Cr, Cd, As and Hg.