澳门5种植物叶变色盛期对气候因子的响应

Effects of Climatic Factors on Leaf Discoloration Peak Period of 5 Species in Macao

摘要:

叶变色盛期是植物生长季结束时的重要物候指标。为探究澳门地区气候因子对植物叶变色盛期的影响，利用3个固定物候监测样地2012-2018年的物候资料和气象数据，对5种野生植物叶变色盛期的年际变化及其对前期各种气候因子的响应进行了研究。结果表明，不同物种叶变色盛期不同，集中在12月的有山乌桕（Sapium discolor）、野漆（Toxicodendron succedaneum）和天料木（Homalium cochinchinenense），假苹婆（Sterculia lanceolata）的叶变色盛期在5月，秤星树（Ilex asprella）集中在1月。不同样地共有种叶变色盛期不同，大潭山样地秤星树的叶变色盛期显著早于九澳山样地，松山样地假苹婆的叶变色盛期显著早于大潭山样地。叶变色盛期与春夏季温度的变化呈正相关，与秋冬季的呈负相关。叶变色盛期与冬、春季降水量的变化呈正相关，与夏、秋季的呈负相关。相对湿度与植物的叶变色盛期亦有显著相关性。温度是影响这5种植物叶变色盛期最主要的气候因子。

关键词:叶变色盛期;气候因子;植物物候;澳门

Abstract:

Leaf discoloration peak period (LDP) was an important phenological index at the end of plant growth season. In order to explore the influence of climatic factors on LDP of plants in Macao, China, the LDP annual changes of five wild plants and their responses to various climatic factors were studied based on the phenological and meteorological data of three phenological monitoring sites in Macao from 2012 to 2018. The results showed that the LDP varied among species, which Sapium idscolor, Toxicodendron succedaneum and Homalium cochinchinenense were in December, Sterculia lanceolata and Ilex asprella were in May and January, respectively. The LDP varied among monitoring sites, which I. asprella in Big Taipa Hill was significantly earlier than that in Ka Ho Hill, while that of Sterculia lanceolata in Guia Hill was obviously earlier than that in Big Taipa Hill. The LDP was positively correlated with the temperature in spring and summer, while negatively correlated with that in autumn and winter. The LDP was positively correlated with precipitation in winter and spring, while negatively correlated with that in summer and fall. The relative humidity was also significantly correlated with the LDP of these five species. Temperature was the most important climatic factor on the LDP of these five species.

Key words:Leaf discoloration peak period;Climatic factor;Plant phenology;Macao