广东翁源青云山自然保护区森林群落优势树种的生态位特征

Niche Characteristics of Dominant Species of Forest Community in Qingyunshan Natural Reserve, Wengyuan, Guangdong Province

摘要:

为探讨广东翁源青云山自然保护区植被的生境适应性和竞争机制，对青云山自然保护区森林群落优势树种的生态位特征进行了分析。结果表明，群落优势种的重要值之和为49.01，其中杉木（Cunninghamia lanceolata）的重要值最大，毛竹（Phyllostachys edulis）的变异系数最大。优势种的Levins和Shannon生态位宽度较为一致，罗浮柿（Diospyros morrisiana）、栲（Castanopsis fargesii）、木荷（Schima superba）、鼠刺（Itea chinensis）和罗浮锥（C.faberi）的生态位宽度较大，而毛竹、杉木、黧蒴锥（C.fissa）和华润楠（Machilus chinensis）的生态位宽度相对较窄。所有物种对间的生态位重叠度和生态位相似性较小，表明共存物种的种间竞争不激烈，因而群落处于相对稳定的状态。生态位宽度与重要值的关系不显著，而与重要值变异系数呈显著的负相关关系，表明重要值变异系数是影响生态位宽度的重要因素。这为青云山自然保护区森林资源的保护和管理提供重要的科学依据。

Abstract:

To explore the habitat flexibility and competition mechanism of vegetation in Qingyunshan Nature Reserve, Wengyuan, Guangdong Province, the niche characteristics of dominant species of forest communities were analyzed. The results showed that the total importance value of 12 dominant species was 49.01, and the importance value of Cunninghamia lanceolate and variance coefficient of Phyllostachys edulis were the biggest. The variation trends of Levins and Shannon niche breadth were similar, the niche breadth of Diospyros morrisiana, Castanopsis fargesii, Schima superba, Itea chinensis and C. faberi was high, however, that of Phyllostachys edulis, Cunninghamia lanceolata, Castanopsis fissa and Machilus chinensis was low. The low niche overlap and niche similarity of all species pairs indicated that interspecific competition among coexisting species was not intense, thus the communities in Qingyunshan Nature Reserve was in a relatively stable state. The relationship between niche breadth and the importance value was insignificant, however, there was a significant negative relationship between niche width and variance coefficient of importance value, indicating that the variance coefficient of importance value might be an important influence factor on niche width. The study provides an important scientific basis for the conservation and management of forest resource in Qingyunshan Nature Reserve.