茶树苯丙素类/苯环型挥发性物质的生物合成和胁迫响应的研究进展

Biosyntheses of Volatile Phenylpropanoids/benzenoids in Tea (Camellia sinensis) and Their Formations in Response to Stresses

摘要:

茶（Camellia sinensis）的挥发性物质不仅会影响茶香的品质，也会在茶树中发挥重要的生态学功能。除了萜类和脂肪酸衍生类挥发性物质外，苯丙素类/苯环型挥发性物质（volatile phenylpropanoids/benzenoids，VPBs）也同样具有这些方面的功能。正因为具有这些功能，茶树中的VPBs也受到了人们越来越多的重视和研究。对近年来茶中一些具代表性VPBs的研究进展进行了综述，包括2-苯乙醇、苯乙醛等VPBs的生物合成及其对光胁迫的响应；1-苯乙醇和苯乙酮的生物合成途径及其对昆虫胁迫的响应；吲哚的生物合成及其在温度和机械损伤胁迫下的响应机制。此外，也探讨了VPBs中一些非传统的生物合成途径，以及这些途径在某些胁迫条件下的响应机制。

Abstract:

Tea (Camellia sinensis) volatile compounds play important roles in both tea aroma quality and tea plant defense against environmental stresses. In addition to volatile terpenes and volatile fatty acid derivates, volatile phenylpropanoids/benzenoids (VPBs) play important, but relatively underappreciated, roles in tea aroma quality and the ecological functions of tea plants. Owing to these contribution, biosynthesis of VPBs in tea have attracted increasing interest. The recent progress in research into some characteristic VPBs directly investigated in tea were summarized, including biosynthesis pathways of 2-phenylethanol, phenylacetaldehyde, and some VPBs, and their formations in response to light stress; biosynthesis pathways of 1-phenylethanol and acetophenone, and their formations in response to insect stress; biosynthesis pathway of indole and its formation in response to temperature and wounding stresses. We also discuss the potential occurrence of some noncanonical biosynthetic pathways for VPBs in tea and the special response mechanism of VBP formations under some stresses.