土壤有机碳形成机制的探索历程

Exploration History of Soil Organic Carbon Formation Mechanisms

摘要:

土壤有机碳（SOC）是生态系统的重要资产，在全球碳平衡中发挥着关键的作用。2015年巴黎气候会议以来，促进SOC在陆地生态系统中的积累受到特别重视，被认为是有效减缓大气CO₂浓度上升的最重要地表措施。从服务于这个目标出发，对过去几十年全球在探索SOC形成机制上的历程进行了回顾和总结，从弄清SOC全球分布规律，阐明样地以下尺度的SOC循环过程及其相应的物理、化学与生物机理，到样地及以上尺度的土壤固碳机制，最后给出了成熟森林SOC积累机制的实例。SOC形成机制的探索历程就是寻求为促进土壤固碳提供理论指导的过程。

Abstract:

Soil organic carbon (SOC) is an important asset of ecosystems and plays a key role in the global carbon balance. Since the 2015 Paris Climate Conference, promoting SOC accumulation in terrestrial ecosystems has received special attention and is considered to be the most important land-based action of mitigating the rising atmospheric CO₂ concentration. Starting from serving this goal, this paper reviews and summarizes the history of the global exploration of SOC formation mechanisms over the recent decades. Including the global distribution law of SOC, the SOC cycle processes and the corresponding physical, chemical and biological mechanisms at scales that are smaller than plot, and the mechanisms of soil carbon sequestration at scales that are larger than plot. Finally, an example of the SOC accumulation mechanisms of mature forest is given. So, the exploration process of the SOC formation mechanisms is actually the process of seeking theoretical guidance for promoting soil carbon sequestration.