贵阳喀斯特城市墙壁苔藓植物物种多样性研究

Study on Diversity of Bryophytes on the Wall in Karst Urban Guiyang City

摘要:

为了解环境对墙壁苔藓植物的影响，采用典范对应分析方法对贵阳市照壁山墙壁苔藓植物的多样性特征及其环境影响因子进行了研究。结果表明，该区墙壁苔藓植物有9科17属45种，以凤尾藓科（Fissidentaceae）、丛藓科（Pottiaceae）、青藓科（Brachytheciaceae）、真藓科（Bryaceae）和羽藓科（Thuidiaceae）为优势科。不同生境苔藓植物的物种组成、优势种、常见种不同，墙壁上部和中部的苔藓植物优势种和常见种主要为矮丛集型，墙壁下部的优势种和常见种主要为交织型。CCA排序表明，温度和湿度是苔藓植物在墙壁上分布的主要影响因子。卷叶湿地藓（Hyophila involuta）、尖叶对齿藓（Didymodon constrictus）、长尖对齿藓（Didymodon ditrichoides）、小凤尾藓原变种（Fissidens bryoides var.bryoides）在墙壁上部、中部和下部都能很好生长。因此，在城市垂直绿化时可选择适宜的苔藓植物进行配置。

Abstract:

In order to understand the effect of environmental factors on bryophytes, the biodiversity and environmental factors of bryophytes on the wall of Zhaobishan in Guiyang City were studied by CCA. The results showed that there were 45 species of bryophytes on the wall of Zhaobishan, belonging to 9 families and 17 genera, and Fissidentaceae, Pottiaceae, Brachytheciaceae, Bryaceae, and Thuidiaceae were dominant families. The species composition, dominant species, and common species of bryophytes were different in different parts of wall. The dominant and common species of bryophytes in the upper and middle parts of wall were mainly short turfs, and those in the lower wall were mainly wefts. The analysis of CCA showed that temperature and humidity were the main factors affecting the distribution of bryophytes on the wall. Hyophila involuta, Didymodon constrictus, Didymodon ditrichoides, Fissidens bryoides var. bryoides could grow well in all parts of the wall. Therefore, it was suggested that the suitable bryophytes could be selected in the karst urban vertical greening.