广东肇庆地区金线莲低海拔林下栽培研究

Studies on Cultivation under Forest of Anoectochilus roxburghii at Low Altitude in Zhaoqing, Guangdong Province, China

摘要:

为探索林下栽培金线莲[Anoectochilus roxburghii（Wall.） Lindl.]的方法，以肇庆广东星湖国家湿地公园核心区为基地，对低海拔（21~23 m）栽培金线莲的生长特性进行研究。结果表明，金线莲栽培地建议选择郁闭度约为65%的常绿阔叶林下。以原土壤+泥炭土（1∶1，V/V）为建畦基质，选择地上茎长≥4.16 cm，茎粗≥0.176 cm的Ⅰ级金线莲组培苗，在温度为18.3℃~24.5℃，湿度为84%~87%的3-4月份种植，成活率可达83.3%~86.7%，栽培120 d后植株地上茎长和单株鲜重分别增加了3.33 cm与0.71 g。5月份温湿度上升，金线莲栽培成活率显著下降（70.3%），且虫害高发。合理的林下栽培技术有助于开发利用和保护金线莲种质资源。

Abstract:

In order to explore the cultivation method of Anoectochilus roxburghii, its growth characters were studied planted at low altitude of 21-23 m in Xinghu National Wetland Park in Zhaoqing, Guangdong. The results showed that the culture location would select evergreen broad-leaf forest with canopy density about 65%. The base matrix included origin soil and peat soil with 1:1 (V/V). The tissue culture seedlings at grade I were selected as plantlets with length of aerial stem ≥ 4.16 cm, and stem diameter ≥ 0.176 cm. The survival rate could reach up to 83.3%-86.7% grown under average temperature of 18.3℃-24.5℃ and relative humidity of 84%-87% in March to April. After transplanted for 120 days, the aerial stem length and fresh weight per plant increased by 3.33 cm and 0.71 g, respectively. With the increment of temperature and humidity in May, the survival rate of A. roxburghii significantly decreased to 70.3%, and insect attack occurred frequently. Therefore, the reasonable cultivation technique under forest would contribute to development and utilization germplasm resources of Anoectochilus roxburghii.