武夷山常绿阔叶林土壤微生物多样性的季节动态

Seasonal Dynamics in Soil Microorganisms Diversity of Evergreen Broad-leaved Forest in Wuyi Mountains, Southeastern China

摘要:

为了解武夷山自然保护区常绿阔叶林土壤微生物群落特征和季节变化，采用Illumina Miseq高通量测序技术分析了土壤微生物多样性的季节响应。结果表明，武夷山常绿阔叶林土壤为典型的南方酸性土壤，有效钾、土壤温度四季内存在显著差异，其他理化指标均无显著差异。土壤中的微生物多样性比较丰富，已鉴定出23门206属细菌和2门17属的古菌。夏季反映细菌总数的Chao指数最高，但反映细菌多样性的Shannon指数比春季低0.21，夏季古菌的Chao指数和Shannon指数分别比冬季高21.7%和0.27%。4个季节共有的细菌和古菌分别占总数的83.1%和70.0%，说明武夷山常绿阔叶林土壤不同季节的核心微生物组成具有很好的稳定性。在门和属水平的聚类树分析表明，春季和冬季的细菌和古菌群落组成最为接近，而夏季与其他3个季节的差异最大。冗余分析和热图分析结果表明，土壤pH是决定和影响细菌和古菌多样性的主要环境因子，有效钾、有效碳和总氮对微生物群落组成均有很大的影响。因此，随季节变化武夷山常绿阔叶林土壤微生物多样性呈现出规律性变化。

Abstract:

In order to understand seasonal dynamics in soil microorganism community of evergreen broad-leaved forest in Wuyi Mountains, Fujian, the microbial diversity in soil was analyzed using the Illumina Miseq high-throughput sequencing technique. The results showed that the soil in evergreen broad-leaved forest in Wuyi Mountains was the typical southern acidic soil. The soil physic-chemical properties had no significant difference among four seasons except for the available potassium, soil temperature and pH. The diversity of soil microorganisms is very rich, and 206 bacterial genera belonging 23 phyla and 17 archaea genera belonging the phyla Thaumarchaeota and Euryarchaeota were identified. The Chao index reflecting the number of bacterial was the highest in the summer, while the Shannon index reflecting bacterial diversity in the summer was lower than that in the spring by 21%. Moreover, the Chao index and Shannon index for archaea in the summer were higher than those in the winter by 21.7% and 0.27%, respectively. There were 83.1% bacteria and 70.0% archaea shared in four reasons, suggesting a good stability of the core microbiome in different reasons in evergreen broad-leaved forest in the Wuyi Mountains. Clustering tree analysis at both of phylum and genus levels indicated that bacterial and archaea community of spring was very close to that of winter, while that of summer exhibited the most different to those of the other three seasons. Heatmap and redundancy analysis indicated that the soil pH was the main environmental factors affected the diversities of bacteria and archaea. The effective potassium, effective carbon and total nitrogen have a great influence on microbial community composition. Therefore, the diversity of soil microorganisms in evergreen broad-leaved forest in Wuyi Mountain had regular changes with the seasons.