多叶斑叶兰繁育系统与传粉生物学研究

Breeding System and Pollination Biology of Goodyera foliosa (Orchidaceae)

摘要:

为探讨多叶斑叶兰(Goodyera folisa)的繁育系统与传粉生物学特征,对其开花物候、花粉活力与柱头可授性、人工授粉、花的挥发性成分以及昆虫传粉行为进行了研究。结果表明,多叶斑叶兰的唇瓣黄色,萼片白色或白色带红褐色;单花花期为(9.4±0.8) d;花粉在开花后第1天具备活力,柱头在开花后第2天具备可授性,花粉活力和柱头可授性都在开花后第5天达到峰值。去雄套袋和不去雄套袋都不能结实,人工自花授粉、同株异花授粉和异株异花授粉的结实率分别为93.3%、95.0%和96.7%,自然结实率为43.3%。花朵的主要挥发性成分为1-辛烯-3-醇、3-辛醇和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺。多叶斑叶兰传粉者为中华蜜蜂(Apis cerana)。多叶斑叶兰具有自交亲和能力,但在自然界不具有主动自交现象,必须依赖中华蜜蜂传粉,花色及花香气味为吸引传粉者的主要因素。

Abstract:

In order to understand the breeding system and pollination mechanism of Goodyera foliosa, the floral phenology, pollen viability and stigma receptivity, artificial pollination, volatile components, insect pollination behavior were studied. Goodyera foliosa has yellow lip, white or white with brown sepal. The results showed that the mean anthesis of single flower was 9 days. The pollen was active at the first days after flowering (60%), stigma had receptivity at the second day after flowering, and all of them reached peak at the fifth day. The natural seed set rate was 43.3%, while emasculation by bagging or not emasculation by bagging could not fruit setting. The seed setting rate of illegitimate pollination, cross pollination within plant or plants was 93.3%, 95.0% and 96.7%, respectively. 1-Octen-3-ol, 3-octanol and N,N-dimethylformamide was major volatile components in flowers of G. foliosa. Apis cerana was the efficient pollinator of G. foliosa. Therefore, it was suggested that G. foliosa had self-compatible capability, but not automatic self-cross phenomenon, and it must dependent on pollinator Apis cerana, the flower color and floral scent are main factors for attracting pollinators.