巴西竹类生物多样性

Diversity of Bamboo in Brazil

摘要:

巴西是全球生物多样性最丰富的地区,其竹类多样性也极为丰富。结合现存资料及野外调查,对巴西全境的竹类分布格局进行了讨论。巴西全国有原生竹亚科植物256 种(含2 亚种及3 变种),北部地区草本竹类(莪莉竹族)最丰富,有61 种,而东南部地区木本竹类(箣竹族)最丰富,有96 种。偏穗竹属(Merostachys)(43 种)和丘斯夸竹属(Chusquea)(45 种)是最常见的属,并是最具潜在经济利用的竹类。属种的特有性分别高达32.4% 和68.8%。特有属有11 个,分别为莪莉竹族的双药莪利草竹属(Diandrolyra)、独焰草竹属(Eremitis)、小百瑞草竹属(Parianella)、赖茨草竹属(Reitzia)、苏克蕾草竹属(Sucrea)和箣竹族的南美梨藤竹属(Alvimia)、离枝竹属(Apoclada)、密穗竹属(Athroostachys)、卡姆巴珠瓦竹属(Cambajuva)、菲尔盖拉斯竹属(Filgueirasia)、无枝竹属(Glaziophyton)。

关键词:竹亚科;禾本科;特有性;地理分布

Abstract:

The purpose of this work is to update and discuss the list of Bambusoideae species and its natural distribution in Brazil. According to the data collected, there are in total 256 native taxa (including 2 subspecies and 3 varieties) of Bambusoideae in Brazil, belonging to 34 genera and 2 tribes in this country. Among them, 164 taxa of 17 genera are woody bamboo, and the rest are herbaceous bamboo. The North region is most rich in herbaceous bamboo with 61 species of the tribe Olyreae, while the woody bamboo are mostly found in the Southeast region with 96 species of the tribe Bambuseae. Merostachys (43 species) and Chusquea (45 species) are the most common genera with most potential utilization for the Guadua (18 species). The endemism at generic and species level is 32.4% and 68.8%, respectively. The endemic genera in Brazil are Diandrolyra, Eremitis, Parianella, Reitzia and Sucrea for tribe Olyreae, and Alvimia, Apoclada, Athroostachys, Cambajuva, Filgueirasia and Glaziophyton for tribe Bambuseae.

Key words:Bambusoideae;Poaceae;Endemism;Geographical distribution