两个蓝莓品种花器官的形态特征观察

Morphological Characteristics of Flowers of Two Cultivars of Blueberry

摘要:

为了解蓝莓(Vaccinium spp.)花器官的形态特征,利用蔡司SV11 体视显微镜和扫描电子显微镜JSM-6360LV 对‘园蓝’和‘夏普蓝’两个品种的花器官进行了观察.结果表明,这两个品种的花丝呈片状,被毛,‘园蓝’的花丝腺毛较短,花丝基部表皮细胞近长方形;‘夏普蓝’的花丝腺毛细长,较浓密,花丝基部表皮细胞近棱形.‘园蓝’和‘夏普蓝’的花药呈棒状,由4 个花粉囊组成,呈左右对称,同侧的两个花粉囊之间的药隔沟明显;花药表皮细胞具乳突;成熟的花药顶端形成2 个管状结构,管口孔裂.花粉为四合体,外形为准四面体,中等大小,表面具不规则皱波状纹饰,并有多处凹陷;萌发孔沟的长度、宽度、孔盖长宽与形状、突起程度在品种间有差异.蓝莓的柱头呈截平形,属于湿型柱头,‘园蓝’的柱头表面具指状乳突细胞;花柱表皮细胞呈圆柱型,形成束状,分隔明显;‘夏普蓝’柱头表面具纹状乳突细胞,花柱表皮细胞呈圆柱型,长轴与花柱平行,不形成束状.这些为蓝莓品种的分类鉴定、系统演化等研究提供了依据.

Abstract:

In order to understand the morphological characteristics of flowers of blueberry (Vaccinium spp.), the flowers of two cultivars ‘Gardenblue’ and ‘Sharpblue’ were observed using Zeiss SV11 stereomicroscope and JSM-6360LV scanning electron microscope. The results showed that the filaments are flattened and pilose. The glandular trichome of ‘Gardenblue’ filament is short and the epidermal cells in the base of filaments are nearly rectangle. The glandular trichomes on the surface of ‘Sharpblue’ filaments are more slender and denser, and the epidermal cells in base of filament are nearly prismatic. Four virgate anthers arrange symmetrically, with the connectivum clearly visible between two anthers at the same side. The epidermal cells of anthers are papillate. Two tubulars are located on the top of mature anthers dehiscingby pores. The stigmas are flattened, belonging to wet type stigmas. The pollen is in tetrads and grains are with rugulate ornamentation and several hollows, tetrahedral shape and middle size. The aperture gaps have differences among pollen grains in length, width, length and shape of lid, and extent of protuberances. The surface of ‘Gardenblue’ stigma has papillate cells. The epidermal cells of styles are cylindrical, fasciculate and detached. Striated papillate cells exist on the surface of ‘Sharpblue’ stigma, and the epidermal cells of styles are cylindrical, with its long axis parallel to style. These would provide a botanical basis for further study on classification and phylogenetic evolution of Vaccinium spp.