鹦哥岭山地雨林不同海拔区森林群落的生物量研究

Biomass of Forest Communities at Different Altitude Regions in Yinggeling Montane Tropical Rainforest, Hainan Island

摘要:

为了解海南岛不同海拔热带山地雨林生态系统的生物量现状,在鹦哥岭山地雨林择伐林中按高(1063 m)、中(899 m)、低(473 m)等3 个海拔区分别设立50 个10 m×10 m 的固定样方,对森林群落的生物量进行了分析研究。结果表明,鹦哥岭山地雨林的生物量较低,地上部分的生物量仅为152.6 t hm^-2,乔木层生物量为142.6 t hm^-2;乔木层的生物量在高海拔区明显高于中、低海拔区,分别为197.6 t hm^-2、 112.2 t hm^-2 和117.8 t hm^-2;群落生物量的大小依次是乔木层>枯倒木>凋落物,分配比例分别为94.22%、 2.90% 和2.88%;其中乔木层的生物量以树干>树枝>树皮>树叶,分配比例分别为72.63%、 15.35%、 9.23%和2.79%。因经过择伐,群落中大径级和特大径级木较少,各径级生物量比例为:小径木(5~19.9 cm) 35.89%、中径木(20~35.9 cm) 26.24%、大径木(36~47.9 cm) 16.01% 和特大径木(≥48 cm) 21.86%。可见,鹦哥岭山地雨林经过30 多年的恢复,仍然处于演替的中期阶段,其固碳潜力仍巨大。

Abstract:

In order to understand the biomass dynamic changes in tropical montane rainforest with selective harvesting at different altitudes, fifty permanent plots of 10 m×10 m were established to investigate the biomass of forest communities in Yinggeling montane rainforest at each area of high (1063 m), middle (899 m) and low (473 m) altitudes. The results showed that the biomass of above-ground and tree layer in Yinggeling montane rainforest was only 152.6 t hm^-2 and 142.6 t hm^-2, respectively, which was far less than that in natural forests of other areas in Hainan Island. The tree layer biomass of sample plots at high altitude was higher than that at middle and low altitude, amounting to 197.6 t hm^-2, 112.2 t hm^-2 and 117.8 t hm^-2, respectively. The ratio of biomass allocation was in the order of tree layer (94.22%) > snags & fallen log (2.9%) > litter (2.88%), while that of tree layer was in descending order: trunks (72.63%) > branches (15.35%) > barks (9.23%) > leaves (2.79%). Due to selective harvesting, number of large and extra large diameter trees was small, therefore, the ratio of biomass allocation in small diameter trees (5-19.9 cm), middle diameter trees (20-35.9 cm), large diameter trees (36-47.9 cm) and extra large diameter trees (≥ 48 cm) was accounting for 35.89%, 26.24%, 16.01% and 21.86%, respectively. After over 30 year's natural restoration, Yinggeling montane rainforest was still in the midsuccessional stage, which indicated that it would have a great potential on forest carbon sequestration in the future.