不同氮素水平对油麦菜栽培效果的综合评价分析

Comprehensive Evaluation Analysis on Cultivation Effects of Lettuce under Different Nitrogen Levels

摘要:

为探讨不同氮素水平的硝态氮与铵态氮对油麦菜(Lactuca sativa L.)生长及品质的影响,自主设计并制作了适合蔬菜水培的立体管道栽培系统,配制了NO₃^-:NH₄⁺ = 10:0,NO₃^-:NH₄⁺ = 7:1,NO₃^-:NH₄⁺ = 7:3 的营养液,通过模糊数学原理,采用层次分析法(AHP)确定品质的权重值,综合评价了不同氮素水平对油麦菜的栽培效果。结果表明,以NO₃^-:NH₄⁺ = 7:3 营养液的栽培效果最好,其次是NO₃^-:NH₄⁺ = 7:1。当营养液的NO₃^-:NH₄⁺ = 7:3 时,油麦菜的产量最高,叶片叶绿素、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质含量最高,硝酸盐含量最少,其综合品质最好。层次分析法对油麦菜不同氮素水平营养液的栽培效果的综合评价有较好的适用性,有助于获得南方设施管道栽培油麦菜最佳的营养液配方。

Abstract:

In order to understand the effects of different nitrogen levels on lettuce growth and qualities, the threedimensional pipeline cultivation system, suitable for vegetables hydroponics, was designed independently and produced, nutrient solution of NO₃^-: NH₄⁺ = 10:0, NO₃^-: NH₄⁺ = 7:1, NO₃^-: NH₄⁺ = 7:3 were prepared, respectively, and then cultivation effects of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) under different nitrogen levels were comprehensively evaluated by using fuzzy mathematics theory, and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to determine the weights of lettuce quality. The results showed that cultivation effect was the best with nutrient solution of NO₃^-: NH₄⁺ = 7:3, followed by NO₃^-: NH₄⁺ = 7:1. Cultured with NO₃^-: NH₄⁺ = 7:3, the yield of lettuce, contents of chlorophyll, soluble sugar, soluble protein in leaves were the highest, and nitrate content was at least, so that the comprehensive quality was the best. Therefore, AHP has a better applicability for synthetically evaluate the cultivation effect of lettuce under different nitrogen levels, which helps to get the optimum nutrient solution in south facility pipeline for lettuce cultivation.