钝叶榕榕果挥发物成分及其构成特征分析

Analysis on Chemical Compounds and Characteristics of Fig Volatiles Emitted from Ficus curtipes Corner

摘要:

为揭示钝叶榕与其传粉榕小蜂及两种协同进果的非传粉榕小蜂Diaziella yangi和Lipothymus sp.间的化学联系与分配机制,采用顶空动态法提取钝叶榕(Ficus curtipes Corner)雌花期和传粉后的榕果挥发物,用定性和定量的方法鉴定、分析了挥发物的成分和变化动态。结果表明:从钝叶榕榕果中共鉴定出45种挥发物成分,主要是单萜类和倍半萜类化合物。6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮、β-罗勒烯、反-β-金合欢烯、α-金合欢烯、α-派烯、香桧烯、顺-β-罗勒烯、顺-β-香柠檬烯、大香叶烯D和4,8-二甲基-1,3,7-壬三烯可能是构建钝叶榕特异性化学信息的基础。雌花期榕果挥发物释放量明显高于传粉后挥发物的释放量,且两者在时间和空间上存在异质性。这说明榕蜂育幼繁殖系统间存在着化学信息的联系。

Abstract:

In order to understand the chemistry relation between figs (Ficus spp., Moraceae) and their pollinators (Agaonidae, Chalcidoidae, Hymenoptera) and allocation mechanism, the volatiles from Ficus curtipes fruits at female phase and post-pollination stage were extracted by dynamic headspace technique and identified by GC and GC-MS analysis. The results showed that there were 45 volatile compounds isolated from F. curtipes fruits, and mainly consisted of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. The compounds, including 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, (E)-β-ocimene, trans-β-farnesene, α-farnesene, α-pinene, sabinene, cis-β-ocimene, cis-β-bergamotene, germacrene D and (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene may involve in the specificity of chemical signals. The volatile release amount at female phase was obviously higher than that at post-pollination stage. There were significant temporal and spatial variations among floral stages and different individuals. These implied that specific chemical interactions existed in nursery pollination mutualisms between figs and their pollinators, such as Eupristina sp., Diaziella yangi and Lipothymus sp.