假臭草等12种植物对白花鬼针草幼苗的化感作用

Allelopathy of 12 Species Including Eupatorium catarium on Bidens alba Seedlings

摘要:

用具有化感作用或潜在抑草活性的12种植物的叶片水浸液对白花鬼针草(Bidens alba)幼苗进行处理,对其幼苗的生长 进行研究,以期筛选出对白花鬼针草生长有较强抑制作用的植物种类。结果表明,12种供体植物叶片水浸液(0.05 g DW mL^-1) 均能显著抑制白花鬼针草幼苗的生长(P<0.05),综合化感效应(SE)均为负值(≤-0.2),抑制强度依次为假臭草(Eupatorium catarium)>胜红蓟(Ageratum conyzoides)>海芋(Alocasia macrorrhiza)>水茄(Solanum torvum)>马缨丹(Lantana camara)>薇甘菊(Mikania micrantha)>构树(Broussonetia papyrifera)>南美蟛蜞菊(Wedelia trilobata)>三裂叶薯(Ipomoea triloba)>葛藤(Pueraria lobata)>鸡矢藤(Paederia scandens)>五爪金龙(Ipomoea cairica),其中假臭草叶水浸液浓度仅为0.04 g DW mL^-1时就可以使白花鬼针草死亡。假臭草和胜红蓟的茎水浸液也可以显著抑制白花鬼针草的生长(P<0.05),抑制效果略低于叶水浸液。回归分析表明,假臭草叶水浸液浓度与白花鬼针草的生物量等指标之间有线性回归关系(R²>0.85, P<0.001),随着水浸液浓度的增加,白花鬼针草的生物量等指标下降。防除白花鬼针草时使用假臭草和胜红蓟的茎、叶水浸液, 其有效浓度低且资源丰富,可作为白花鬼针草天然除草剂的主要资源植物。

Abstract:

In order to select botanical herbicides to Bidens alba, aqueous extracts from the leaves of 12 species, which were reported with allelopathy or potential activity of weed inhibition, were used to spray Bidens alba seedlings. The results showed that all of the leaf aqueous extracts from 12 species had significant inhibition effects on the growth of Bidens alba seedlings (P<0.05) with synthetical effects (SE)≤-0.2. The inhibition strength was in order as: Eupatorium catarium>Ageratum conyzoides>Alocasia macrorrhiza>Solanum torvum>Lantana camara>Mikania micrantha>Broussonetia papyifera>Wedelia trilobata>Ipomoea triloba>Pueraria lobata>Paederia scandens>Ipomoea cairica. The 0.04 g DW mL^-1 aqueous extracts from the leaves of Eupatorium catarium could cause death of Bidens alba seedlings. The aqueous extracts from the stems of Eupatorium catarium and Ageratum conyzoides also had significant inhibition effects on the growth of Bidens alba seedlings (P<0.05), but which inhibition effects were lower than those from leaves. The analysis of regression showed that Bidens alba seedling growth negatively correlated with the concentration of aqueous extracts from the leaves of Eupatorium catarium (R²>0.85). The biomass of Bidens alba significantly decreased with increasing of the concentration of aqueous extracts. It suggested that Eupatorium catarium and Ageratum conyzoides could be used as natural botanical herbicide for Bidens alba due to their low concentration effect and wide availability.